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This study will be carried out on sixty elderlies of both gender with ages ranges from 60 to 70 years old. The participants will receive Inspiratory muscle trainer and/or Coherent breathing exercise three times per week for 12 weeks.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coherent breathing group | Experimental | The participants will receive Inspiratory muscle trainer and Coherent breathing exercise three times per week for 12 weeks. |
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| Inspiratory muscle training group | Experimental | The participants will receive Inspiratory muscle training three times per week for 12 weeks. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coherent Breathing Exercise | Other | Step 1: Focus on your natural breathing and count the time of your inhale and exhale. Step 2: Sit in a comfortable position to practice the coherent breathing technique. Gently place one hand on your stomach. Step 3: Inhale for four seconds and then exhale for four seconds. Repeat this for one minute. Step 4: Repeat the above step but lengthen your inhales and exhale for five seconds. Step 5: Repeat the above step but extend the breaths to six seconds. Once you're able to do this for five minutes, gradually work your way up to 20 minutes. During this breathing exercise, keep your hand on your stomach. Using diaphragmatic breathing can help you feel your breaths. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) | Evaluating tests of balance and gait Description: The Tinetti assessment tool is an easily administered task-oriented test that measures an older adult's Scoring: A three-point ordinal scale, ranging from 0-2. "0" indicates the highest level of impairment and "2" the individuals independence. Total Balance Score = 16 Total Gait Score = 12 Total Test Score = 28 Interpretation: 25-28 = low fall risk 19-24 = medium fall risk < 19 = high fall risk | 12 weeks |
| The five Times Sit to Stand Test | Evaluating fall risk | 12 weeks |
| The muscle quality index (MQI) | Evaluating age-related alterations in muscle function | 12 weeks |
| The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) | Evaluating psychological aspect Of the 15 items, 10 indicated the presence of depression when answered positively, while the rest (question numbers 1, 5, 7, 11, 13) indicated depression when answered negatively. Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, depending on age, education, and complaints; 5-8 indicate mild depression; 9-11 indicate moderate depression; and 12-15 indicate severe depression. | 12 weeks |
| The 6 minutes' walk test (6MWT) | Evaluating aerobic fitness | 12 weeks |
| Short form Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) | Evaluating cognitive decline
| 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale | Evaluating level of exertion during exercise It starts at number 0 where your breathing is causing you no difficulty at all and progresses through to number 10 where your breathing difficulty is maximal | 12 weeks |
| Evaluation of forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sherif O Elabd, Master | May University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of physical therapy outpatient clinic | Cairo | Giza Governorate | 12613 | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| Inspiratory muscle training | Device | The patient was in the comfortable sitting position and then put the nose clip on the patient's nose
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| Evaluation of oxygen saturation (SPO2) and heart rate (HR) | By using the pulse oximeter. | 12 weeks |
By using spirometry |
| 12 weeks |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |