A Comparative Study Between Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine VS Ketamine With Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Orthopedic Lower Limb Surgeries.

A Comparative Study Between Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine VS Ketamine With Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Orthopedic Lower Limb Surgeries.

Orthopedic anaesthesia and acute postoperative pain management, two anesthesiology subspecialties,are getting more credit for reducing hospital stays, promoting functional recovery and improving patient satisfaction.

Inclusion Criteria:

-The study will include 100 adult patients (18 to 50 years old) with ASA physical status class I and class II undergoing orthopedic lower limb surgeries under itrathecal anathesia .

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient refusal.
• Drug abuse.
• Patient with neurological, psychiatric or neuromuscular disease.
• Chronic pain on medicine.
• Known allergy to the study medications.
• Patients e contraindications to intrathecal anesthesia .