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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20-3T/42 | Other Identifier | Ege University Medical Research Ethics Committee |
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The goal of this interventional study is to compare in logotherapy-based intervention practiced to depressed patients on depression, psychological pain and meaning of life. The main questions it aims to answer are:
The research was conducted to examine the effect of logotherapy-based intervention practiced to depressed patients on depression, psychological pain and meaning of life.
The research is in a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test post-test follow-up measurement, control group. Sample selection was carried out in two stages, and in the first stage, 48 patients diagnosed with depression between September 2020 and September 2022 were referred to the researcher by the polyclinic physician. The patients were evaluated within the scope of the inclusion criteria of the study, and 32 patients with a diagnosis of depression, aged 18-65 years, voluntarily aged between 18-65, who scored 17 points or more from the Beck Depression Inventory, were accepted into the study. Patients were assigned to intervention and control groups, respectively. A total of 28 patients, 12 intervention and 16 control groups, completed the study. "Descriptive Information Form", "Beck Depression Inventory", "Psychache Scale" and "Meaning of Life Questionnaire" were used as data collection tools in the study. Online logotherapy-based intervention was administered to the individuals in the intervention group as a total of eight sessions, once a week. In order to evaluate the effect of logotherapy-based intervention, Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scaleand Meaning of Life Questionnaire were administered to all individuals in the sample group at time series points (pretest, posttest, follow-up test at 3rd month). In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square analysis, analysis of variance in repeated measurements, Bonferroni correction were applied.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a pre-test. Inaddition to the Standard treatment, the intervention group received a logotherapy-based intervention. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a post test and follow up test. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a pre-test. The control group received only standard treatment. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a post test and follow up test. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| logotherapy-based intervention | Behavioral | Logotherapy-based intervention was administered to the individuals in the intervention group as a total of eight sessions, once a week. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| "Beck Depression Inventory" Scores | Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) The inventory measures depression level.The inventory assesses physical, emotional, cognitive and motivational components. The four-point Likert-type scale comprises of 21 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 63. As the total score increases, the depression level also increases. The scale score graded depression into four levels: normal (0-9 points), mild (10-16 points), moderate (17-29 points) and severe (30-63 points). | post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months) |
| "Psychache Scale" Scores | Psychache Scale was developed to assess psychological pain. The five-point Likert-type scale consists of 13 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 13 and a maximum score of 65. As the total score increases, the psychache level increases. | post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months) |
| "Meaning of Life Questionnaire" Scores | Meaning of Life Questionnaire measures the level of meaning that individuals give to life.This seven-point Likert-type scale consists of 10 questions.The scale has a minimum score of 10 and a maximum score of 70. The scale has two subscales. These subscales include the existing meaning in life (5 questions) and the search for meaning in life (5 questions).The total score is obtained by summing the subscale scores. As the total score of the scale increases, individuals' level of meaning in life increases. | post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Esra ENGİN | Ege University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ege University Faculty of Nursing | Izmir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Intervention Group | Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a pre-test. Inaddition to the Standard treatment, the intervention group received a logotherapy-based intervention. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a post test and follow up test. logotherapy-based intervention: Logotherapy-based intervention was administered to the individuals in the intervention group as a total of eight sessions, once a week. |
| FG001 | Control Group | Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a pre-test. The control group received only standard treatment. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a post test and follow up test. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Intervention Group | Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a pre-test. Inaddition to the Standard treatment, the intervention group received a logotherapy-based intervention. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a post test and follow up test. logotherapy-based intervention: Logotherapy-based intervention was administered to the individuals in the intervention group as a total of eight sessions, once a week. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | "Beck Depression Inventory" Scores | Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) The inventory measures depression level.The inventory assesses physical, emotional, cognitive and motivational components. The four-point Likert-type scale comprises of 21 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 63. As the total score increases, the depression level also increases. The scale score graded depression into four levels: normal (0-9 points), mild (10-16 points), moderate (17-29 points) and severe (30-63 points). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months) |
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Adverse events were not collected for this study.
All-Cause Mortality, Serious, and Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events were not monitored/assessed.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Intervention Group | Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a pre-test. Inaddition to the Standard treatment, the intervention group received a logotherapy-based intervention. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a post test and follow up test. logotherapy-based intervention: Logotherapy-based intervention was administered to the individuals in the intervention group as a total of eight sessions, once a week. |
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It is among the limitations that the patients in the intervention and control groups can experience improvement thanks to the use of psychiatric drugs other than logotherapy-based applications. The research was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic. Face-to-face meetings were held online. Again, depression levels may have been affected since patients had to be forced to stay at home. These possibilities are among the limitations of the research.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Merve UGURYOL UNAL | Ege University | +902323115545 | merve.uguryol.unal@ege.edu.tr |
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Aug 11, 2023 | Mar 21, 2025 | Prot_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| BG001 | Control Group | Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a pre-test. The control group received only standard treatment. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a post test and follow up test. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
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| Age, Continuous | Data were collected with a descriptive information form. | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
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| Beck Depression Inventory Pretest | Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) The inventory measures depression level.The inventory assesses physical, emotional, cognitive and motivational components. The four-point Likert-type scale comprises of 21 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 63. As the total score increases, the depression level also increases. The scale score graded depression into four levels: normal (0-9 points), mild (10-16 points), moderate (17-29 points) and severe (30-63 points) | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
|
| Psychache Scale | Psychache Scale was developed to assess psychological pain. The five-point Likert-type scale consists of 13 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 13 and a maximum score of 65. As the total score increases, the psychache level increases. Decreased "Psychache Scale" scores of the intervention group in post test and follow-up measurements after logotherapy-based intervention. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| Meaning in Life Questionnaire | Meaning of Life Questionnaire measures the level of meaning that individuals give to life.This seven-point Likert-type scale consists of 10 questions.The scale has a minimum score of 10 and a maximum score of 70. The scale has two subscales. These subscales include the existing meaning in life (5 questions) and the search for meaning in life (5 questions).The total score is obtained by summing the subscale scores. As the total score of the scale increases, individuals' level of meaning in life increases. | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| OG001 | Control Group | Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a pre-test. The control group received only standard treatment. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a post test and follow up test. |
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| Primary | "Psychache Scale" Scores | Psychache Scale was developed to assess psychological pain. The five-point Likert-type scale consists of 13 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 13 and a maximum score of 65. As the total score increases, the psychache level increases. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months) |
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| Primary | "Meaning of Life Questionnaire" Scores | Meaning of Life Questionnaire measures the level of meaning that individuals give to life.This seven-point Likert-type scale consists of 10 questions.The scale has a minimum score of 10 and a maximum score of 70. The scale has two subscales. These subscales include the existing meaning in life (5 questions) and the search for meaning in life (5 questions).The total score is obtained by summing the subscale scores. As the total score of the scale increases, individuals' level of meaning in life increases. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months) |
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| EG001 | Control Group | Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a pre-test. The control group received only standard treatment. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a post test and follow up test. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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