Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
A total of 120 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical Status 1-3) who signed a consent form among patients aged 19-80 years who are scheduled to undergo brachial plexus block and upper extremity surgery under monitored anesthetic care at our hospital were enrolled.
Recruited patients are divided into three groups through computer-generated randomization by using the patient identification number assigned during patient recruitment. (40 people in each group) Standard monitoring is performed when the patient arrives at the operating room. Patients receive oxygen at 5-6 L/min using a simple facial mask, and receive a brachial plexus block under ultrasound guidance. After confirming the success of brachial plexus block, administration of propofol, remimazolam, or dexmedetomidine is started according to the assigned group. Assess the patient's level of consciousness through the MOAA/S (modified observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale) scale. The drug injection ends when the skin suture is started after the main procedure. The time from the end of injection of each drug until MOAA/S becomes 5 points is measured. After the patient is transferred to the recovery room, the Aldrete score is assessed.
The recovery profile, perioperative hemodynamic change, desaturation event, block duration, patient movement during surgery, patient satisfaction, and surgeon's satisfaction were investigated and analyzed for comparison.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remimazolam | Active Comparator | Maintenance doses of remimazolam is administered for sedation |
|
| Propofol | Active Comparator | Propofol is administered for sedation through target-controlled infusion |
|
| Dexmedetomidine | Active Comparator | Loading and maintenance doses of dexmedetomidine are administered for sedation |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remimazolam | Drug | The patient receives continuous infusion of remimazolam at a rate of 0.3-1.0 mg/kg/hr. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Recovery profile | Time taken for MOAA/S score to reach 5 (MOAA/S: Modified Observer's Alertness/Sedation scale) Awake (5) - Unresponsive (0) | up to 1 hour after post-anesthesia case unit entry |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Length of stay in post-anesthesia care unit | Length of stay from entering PACU to leaving | up to 3 hours after post-anesthesia case unit entry |
| Intraoperative hypotension | mean blood pressure less than 60mmHg |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asan Medical Center | Seoul | 05505 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40514628 | Derived | Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Lee J, Jeong D, Shin YH, Ro YJ, Kim H, Koh WU. Comparison of the recovery profiles of propofol, dexmedetomidine, and remimazolam for intraoperative sedation in patients undergoing upper limb surgery under brachial plexus blockade: a randomized controlled trial. Can J Anaesth. 2025 Jul;72(7):1090-1100. doi: 10.1007/s12630-025-02987-3. Epub 2025 Jun 13. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Propofol | Drug | Patients are administered propofol at an effective site concentration of 1.0-2.5 mcg/ml through target-controlled infusion. |
|
| Dexmedetomidine | Drug | The patient is administered a dose of dexmedetomidine at 1 mcg/kg for 10 minutes, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.2-1.0 mcg/kg/hr. |
|
| up to 1hour from the initiation of sedative administration |
| Occurrence of desaturation during surgery | Oxygen saturation less than 92% | From the start of sedative injection to the end of surgery or assessed up to 3 hours |
| Duration of nerve block | From end of surgery until 24 hours after end of surgery |
| patient satisfaction | 7 point Likert scale | From end of surgery until 24 hours after end of surgery |
| Surgeon's satisfaction | 7 point Likert scale | From end of surgery until 24 hours after end of surgery |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C522201 | remimazolam |
| D015742 | Propofol |
| D020927 | Dexmedetomidine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010636 | Phenols |
| D001555 | Benzene Derivatives |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
Not provided
Not provided