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In this study, the effects of periodontal disease on alveolar bone were investigated using fractal analysis method.
Background: It is very difficult to objectively evaluate the negative changes in bone structure due to periodontitis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the trabecular bone changes between healthy individuals and periodontitis patients by fractal dimension analysis on digital panoramic radiographs.
Method: The study included 50 periodontally healthy individuals (control group), 50 individuals with Stage 1 periodontitis (S1-P group), 50 individuals with Stage 2 periodontitis (S2-P), and 50 individuals with Stage 3 periodontitis (S3-P), a total of 200 individuals were included. The fractal dimension (FD) value of the trabecular bone in the interproximal space between mandibular first molar and second premolar tooth roots was evaluated using Image J program. The mean fractal dimension values of the two regions were calculated by box counting method.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| periodontally healthy individuals | Experimental | 50 subject without any periodontal disease |
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| Stage 1 periodontitis | Experimental | 50 subject diagnosed with stage 1 in the periodontal disease classification |
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| Stage 2 periodontitis | Experimental | 50 subject diagnosed with stage 2 in the periodontal disease classification |
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| Stage 3 periodontitis | Experimental | 50 subject diagnosed with stage 3 in the periodontal disease classification |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fractal analysis | Other | fractal analysis is a method that numerically expresses bone changes. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of the effect of periodontal disease on alveolar bone by fractal analysis | Fractal dimension evaluation can give an objective result about the effect of periodontal disease on alveoler bone, since it shows changes in bone trabeculation numerically. | baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Probing pocket depth | Probing pocket depth(PPD) was measured for determining the severity of the disease and clinical outcome. High probing pocket depth shows more severe periodontal disease. | baseline |
| gingival index |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Necmettin Erbakan University | Konya | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D010518 | Periodontitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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The differences in gingival index scores between periodontally healthy and periodontitis.The gingival index was recorded for determining and classifying gingival status. The Gingival İndex(GI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale with 0 being normal and 3 being severe inflammation characterized by edema, redness, swelling and spontaneous bleeding.
| baseline |
| plaque index | The differences in plaque index scores between periodontally healthy and periodontitis. Plaque index(PI) was recorded for determining and classifying oral hygiene status. The plaque index(PI) scores each site on a 0 to 3 scale with 0 being no plaque in the gingival area and 3 abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the gingival margin and adjacent tooth surface. | baseline |