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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Research Foundation of Korea | OTHER |
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The goals of this study are to examine the physical function, cognitive function, and quality of life among frail elderly residing in the community
This randomized clinical trial recruited 100 frail older adults, assigned to either the Tai Chi group or the wait-list control group. Tai Chi intervention will be provided to the Tai Chi group for 12 weeks with 12-week follow-up and pretest and posttest measures will be conducted.
The primary outcome is the function variables (physical function of balance, flexibility, mobility; cognitive function of MOCA-K) The secondary outcome is quality of life measured by SF12.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| frail elderly-TC | Experimental | Tai Chi group received 12 weeks of Tai Chi exercise program with 12 week follow-up, twice a week, 60 min per session led by a trained Tai Chi instructor |
|
| frail elderly-WC | No Intervention | control group received no intervention for 12 weeks, and will be provided the chance to participate in Tai Chi program if they choose. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tai Chi exercise | Behavioral | Sun-style Tai Chi (21 forms) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| physical function - balance | balance was assessed using a one-leg-standing balance test (OLST) | changes from pretest to 12 week posttest scores |
| physical function - flexibility | flexibility was assessed by the standard sit-and-reach test (SSRT) | changes from pretest to 12 week posttest scores |
| physical function - mobility | mobility was assessed by the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) | changes from pretest to 12 week posttest scores |
| cognitive function | MOCA-K (Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment) was used with the maximum score of 30. (more than 23 is normal and less than 13 is dementia, more cognitively impaired) | changes from pretest to 12 week posttest scores |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Short Form health survey 12 (SF12) | Short Form health survey 12 which consists of eight dimensions: general health, physical functioning, role physical, body pain, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, and mental health. two summary scores for the physical and mental components of health-related QoL are calculated by using the weighted means for the eight domains. Higher scores indicate better health-related QoL. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jisu Seo, MSN | Contact | 0425808408 | jisu4523@naver.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Rhayun Song, PhD | Chungnam National University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chungnam National University | Recruiting | Daejeon | 35015 | South Korea |
unidentified data or study protocol can be shared at the completion of publication
December, 2025
researchers or reviewers with request
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073496 | Frailty |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000088543 | Aquatic Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006875 | Hydrotherapy |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
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the frail older adults recruited from the community, randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the wait-list control group.
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the assessor will be blinded for the group assignment. trained research assistant will conduct the pretest and posttest measures, not involved in providing the intervention
| changes from pretest to 12 week posttest scores |