Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Elevated blood pressure or prehypertension is highly associated with increased risk of developing hypertension, cardiovascular event, and type II diabetes. Many physically inactive young adults, particularly in Malaysia have blood pressure higher than normal range, therefore it is important to control the blood pressure within normal range as prophylactic measure. This experimental research will be carried out to study the effect of physical training (aerobic exercise) and mental training (mindfulness meditation) with diet as a control group on the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate among young adult with elevated blood pressure living a sedentary lifestyle. Participant will be divided into 2 experimental groups (mental and physical training) and 1 control group (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension -DASH diet plan) who need to complete the prescribed intervention for 6 weeks. Results will be analysed by repeated measures ANOVA followed by post-hic test.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mental Training | Experimental | mindfulness meditation for 6-weeks. |
|
| Physical Training | Experimental | Continuous moderate-intensity training for 6-weeks. |
|
| Mental and Physical Training | Experimental | Combination of mindfulness meditation and continuous moderate-intensity training for 6 weeks. |
|
| DASH Diet Plan | Active Comparator | Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension for 6-weeks. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mental training | Other | Mental training (guided mindfulness meditation by Jon Kabat-Zinn for 20 minutes, 3 times per week. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure at 6 weeks. | Systolic blood pressure (SPB) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention. | At baseline over a period of 6 weeks. |
| Change from Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure at 6 weeks. | Diastolic blood pressure (DPB) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention. | At baseline over a period of 6 weeks. |
| Change from Baseline Mean Arterial Pressure at 6 weeks. | Mean arterial pressure (MAP) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention. | At baseline over a period of 6 weeks. |
| Change from Baseline Resting Heart Rate at 6 weeks. | Resting heart rate (RHR) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention. | At baseline over a period of 6 weeks. |
| Change from Baseline Pulse Pressure at 6 weeks. | Pulse pressure will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention. | At baseline over a period of 6 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline Body Mass Index at 6 weeks. | Body mass index (BMI) will be measured at baseline (before intervention begin), after 3 weeks of intervention, and post 6-weeks of intervention. | At baseline over a period of 6 weeks. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Young male adults who are physically inactive.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman | Kajang | Selangor | 43000 | Malaysia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42420366 | Derived | Mir IA, Humayra S, John AT, Wan CH, Toh XY. Efficacy of mental and physical training on blood pressure and resting heart rate among physically inactive young adults with elevated blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2026 Jul 8. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-60452-7. Online ahead of print. |
Not provided
Not provided
IDP will not be shared.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D000073601 | Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Outcome assessor will not know about grouping of the participants.
| Physical training | Other | Physical training (continuous moderate-intensity training at 40-60% of participants' heart rate reserve for 20 minutes excluding warm-up/cool-down, 3 times per week. |
|
| Mental & physical training | Other | Mental and physical training (combination of mindfulness mediation for 20-minutes, 3 times per week and continuous moderate-intensity training for 20 minutes, 3 times per week. |
|
| DASH diet | Other | DASH diet ( (more vegetables, fruits and low-fat dairy foods and moderate amounts of whole grains, fish, poultry and nuts; and less than 3 grams of sodium daily) for 6-weeks. |
|
| D055687 |
| Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
| D004035 | Diet Therapy |
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D004032 | Diet |
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |