Prolactin and FGF21 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Prolactin and FGF21 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Prolactin (PRL) and PRL receptor (PRLR) signaling has been validated to play an important role in the modulation of glucolipid metabolism. However, the role of serum PRL levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. The investigators aimed to explore the possible influence of serum PRL within or without normal range on the development of GDM.

Inclusion Criteria:

• aged 18 to 45 years
• completed a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
• females with pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

• severe liver and renal dysfunction, preexisting heart disease, malignancy, or endocrine diseases such as pituitary adenoma and hypogonadism
• mental illness
• genetic disease
• current or previous treatment that might affect PRL and insulin secretion
• diabetes before pregnancy
• loss to follow-up, or withdrawal from the study
• unable to understand and comply with the study protocol.