A Comparison Between Ketamine-lidocaine Versus Ketamine-fentanyl for Induction on the Hemodynamic Effects in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

A Comparison Between Ketamine-lidocaine Versus Ketamine-fentanyl for Induction on the Hemodynamic Effects in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction :( A Randomized Controlled Study

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) presenting for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) represent a high-risk group among the cardiac surgical population. Anesthetic management of these patients is challenging due to increased risk of perioperative hypotension and subsequently increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Post induction hypotension is a modifiable risk that can be largely prevented by adjusting the technique for anesthesia induction. There is no consensus on the use of certain anesthetic induction techniques for patients CAD and left ventricular dysfunction. Anesthesia induction techniques for cardiovascular surgery are usually based on considerations such as hemodynamic stability, effects on myocardial oxygen supply, and demand and minimizing intubation stress response.To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous data comparing the efficacy of adding lidocaine versus fentanyl to the induction of anesthesia with ketamine in patients with poor ventricular function.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants will be patients with coronary artery disease and moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction < 40%), ASA physical status II-IV that will be scheduled for elective CABG surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with associated valvular heart disease, persistent arrhythmias, congestive cardiac failure, on mechanical ventilation, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), emergency surgery, and those with known allergy to any of the study's drugs, severe systemic non-cardiac disease; will be excluded from the study