The trial will be conducted to evaluate and compare calcium hydroxide and premixed bioceramic putty regarding the clinical and radiographic outcomes of direct pulp capping in primary molars.

The current equivalent parallel randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate and compare calcium hydroxide and premixed bioceramic putty regarding the clinical and radiographic outcomes of direct pulp capping in primary molars over a 24-month follow-up period.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Clinical:

  1. Children categorized as class I or II according to American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) scale.
  2. Children rated as no. 3 or 4 in Frankl behaviour rating scale (FBRS).
  3. Presence of a small carious or traumatic pulp exposure (1 mm or less). 2. Radiographic:
  1. Presence of at least two-thirds of root length.
  2. Normal lamina dura and periodontal ligament space.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. Clinical:

  1. History of spontaneous unprovoked toothache.

  2. Extensive crown destruction that preclude coronal restoration.

  3. Gingival swelling, sinus tract or other soft tissue pathology.

  4. Abnormal tooth mobility.

  5. A frank pulp exposure (i.e., greater than 1.0mm), requiring pulpotomy.

  6. No evidence of visible pulp exposure.

     2. Radiographic:

  1. Furcation/periapical radiolucency.
  2. Pathological internal/external root resorption.
  3. Absence of underlying permanent successor