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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Southern California | OTHER |
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The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of child passenger educational methods to measure their ability to effectively reduce car seat misuse. The study will assess the traditional child passenger educational method delivered by a child passenger safety technician by comparing it to an in-person and virtual telehealth Behavioral Skills Training approach to reduce car seat misuse.
This study of 2,449 expectant couples involved two experiments. Experiment-1: included 1,224 participants, comparing 600 participants receiving no intervention and 600 participants receiving education with behavioral skills training (BST) in-person.
Experiment-2: included 1,224 participants, comparing 600 participants receiving BST-in-person to BST with telehealth.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Car seat check-up traditional car seat educational method | No Intervention | Experiment-1a: This included 600 expectant parents who were educated by a certified child passenger safety technician with a traditional car seat educational approach. All participants were assessed at baseline, no-intervention traditional education, and follow-up, between June 1, 2015 and May 30, 2016 | |
| Behavioral Skills Training In-person Group A | Experimental | Experiment-1b: This included another 600 expectant parents who were educated by a certified child passenger safety technician an in-person Behavioral Skills Training (BST) approach. All participants were assessed at baseline, BST, and follow-up, between June 1, 2016 and May 30, 2017. |
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| Behavioral Skills Training In-person Group B | Experimental | Experiment-2a: This included another 600 expectant parents who were educated by a certified child passenger safety technician an in-person Behavioral Skills Training (BST) approach. All participants were assessed at baseline, BST, and follow-up, between June 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019. |
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| Behavioral Skills Training Telehealth | Experimental | Experiment-2b: This included another 600 expectant parents who were educated by a certified child passenger safety technician a virtual telehealth version of Behavioral Skills Training (BST). All participants were assessed at baseline, BST-Telehealth, and follow-up, between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavioral Skills Training In-person | Other | Both an in-person and virtual telehealth version of Behavioral Skills Training (BST) was compared to the "Car seat check-up traditional car seat educational method" and BST telehealth was compared to BST in-person. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| child restraint misuse | Incidence of misuse | 12 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| James M DeCarli, PhD, MPH | Public Health Behavior Solutions/State of California | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pro Consumer Safety/Pro Car Seat Safety - NHTSA CPS Inspection Station | Los Angeles | California | 90005 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32657441 | Result | Boutain AR, Sheldon JB, Sherman JA. Evaluation of a telehealth parent training program in teaching self-care skills to children with autism. J Appl Behav Anal. 2020 Jul;53(3):1259-1275. doi: 10.1002/jaba.743. Epub 2020 Jul 13. | |
| 33185000 | Result | Carnett A, Hansen S, Tullis C, Machalicek W. Using behavioural skills training via telehealth to increase teachers use of communication interventions and increase student use of speech-generating devices in a high school functional skills classroom. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2021 Feb;65(2):133-148. doi: 10.1111/jir.12794. Epub 2020 Nov 13. |
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This study is a quasi-experimental within-subjects group design. It consists of two experiments that included an equal number of participants.
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| 28078673 | Result | Dickson MJ, Vargo KK. Training kindergarten students lockdown drill procedures using behavioral skills training. J Appl Behav Anal. 2017 Apr;50(2):407-412. doi: 10.1002/jaba.369. Epub 2017 Jan 11. |
| 32301517 | Result | Edgemon AK, Rapp JT, Brogan KM, Richling SM, Hamrick SA, Peters RJ, O'Rourke SA. Behavioral skills training to increase interview skills of adolescent males in a juvenile residential treatment facility. J Appl Behav Anal. 2020 Sep;53(4):2303-2318. doi: 10.1002/jaba.707. Epub 2020 Apr 17. |
| Result | Executive Order. No. N-33-20 H.S.C. ยง 8567 8627 8665, 2020. https://covid19.ca.gov/img/Executive-Order-N-33-20.pdf |
| 30006981 | Result | Giannakakos AR, Vladescu JC, Simon R. Teaching installation and use of child passenger safety restraints. J Appl Behav Anal. 2018 Oct;51(4):915-923. doi: 10.1002/jaba.493. Epub 2018 Jul 13. |
| 24891092 | Result | Himle MB, Wright KA. Behavioral skills training to improve installation and use of child passenger safety restraints. J Appl Behav Anal. 2014 Fall;47(3):549-59. doi: 10.1002/jaba.143. Epub 2014 Jun 3. |
| 26707620 | Result | Hoffman BD, Gallardo AR, Carlson KF. Unsafe from the Start: Serious Misuse of Car Safety Seats at Newborn Discharge. J Pediatr. 2016 Apr;171:48-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.11.047. Epub 2015 Dec 18. |
| Result | Miltenberger, Raymond G. "Behavioral Skills Training Procedures." (2016) Behavior Modification Principles and Procedures, 6th ed., Cenage Learning, pp. 223-242. |
| Result | National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2022, March - revised). Children: 2019 data. (Traffic Safety Facts. Report No. DOT HS 813 122). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
| Result | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2004, January). Misuse of Child Restraints (DOT HS 809 671). United States, Department of Transportation. https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/809671.pdf |
| Result | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2022). The Right Seat. Parents Central-From Car Seats To Car Keys: Keeping Children Safe. Retrieved July 24, 2022, from https://one.nhtsa.gov/links/ParentsCentral/CarSeats.htm#. |
| Result | Raymond, P. (2018, July). Additional Analysis of National Child Restraint Use Special Study: Child Restraint Misuse (DOT HS 812 527). Traffic Safety Facts: Research note. https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/13648-additional_analysis_of_ncruss_071718_v3_tag.pdf |
| Result | Rios, D., Schenk, Y. A., Eldridge, R. R., & Peterson, S. M. (2020). The Effects of Remote Behavioral Skills Training on Conducting Functional Analyses. Journal of Behavioral Education, 29(2), 449-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-020-09385-3. |
| 30633674 | Result | Shigekawa E, Fix M, Corbett G, Roby DH, Coffman J. The Current State Of Telehealth Evidence: A Rapid Review. Health Aff (Millwood). 2018 Dec;37(12):1975-1982. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05132. |
| 29683185 | Result | Sump LA, Richman DM, Schaefer AM, Grubb LM, Brewer AT. Telehealth and in-person training outcomes for novice discrete trial training therapists. J Appl Behav Anal. 2018 Jul;51(3):466-481. doi: 10.1002/jaba.461. Epub 2018 Apr 23. |
| 27632185 | Result | Thomas BR, Lafasakis M, Spector V. Brief Report: Using Behavioral Skills Training to Teach Skateboarding Skills to a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Dec;46(12):3824-3829. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-2900-8. |
| 12612241 | Result | Wegner MV, Girasek DC. How readable are child safety seat installation instructions? Pediatrics. 2003 Mar;111(3):588-91. doi: 10.1542/peds.111.3.588. |
| 32653468 | Result | Wijesooriya NR, Mishra V, Brand PLP, Rubin BK. COVID-19 and telehealth, education, and research adaptations. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2020 Sep;35:38-42. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.009. Epub 2020 Jun 18. |
| Result | WISQARS (Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System) Injury Center CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 July 2020, www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html. |