Antibodies and Immunity After Vaccination of Recovered Patients With COVID-19 and Long COVID-19 Symptoms

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies and Immunity After Vaccination of Recovered Patients With COVID-19 and Correlation With Immunity and Long-COVID-19 Symptoms

We investigated the association between immune system responsibilities in Long COVID patients and Full recovery patients.

This retrospective cohort study compared immunogenicity post COVID-19 between individuals (aged 18-65 years and had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from January to May 2022 ) with residual Long COVID-19 symptoms (LC) and ones with full recovery (Full) related to pathophysiology, immunology and clinical consequence.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Long COVID group; at longer than 1-month post COVID-19 based the presence of one of the three following symptoms: fatigue/myalgia, breathlessness, and anorexia
• Full recovery group; patients with asymptomatic symptoms
• post COVID-19 they had not received any additional COVID vaccine

Exclusion Criteria:

• people who received additional vaccination after leaving quarantine before the day of the immunization test
• pregnant patients,
• people who had a history of allergic reactions after COVID-19 vaccination or any drugs