To comprehensively evaluate subclinical organ damage of Chinese adults and its association with future cardiovascular disease and events.

To observe the significance of intervention based on digital health in preventing the onset and/or progression of subclinical organ damage and cardiovascular disease and events.

In this project, we will register outpatients with cardiovascular diseases and healthy subjects for cardiovascular health check-up in the cardiovascular research clinic of our hospital, comprehensively evaluate their cardiovascular risk factors, subclinical organ damage and cardiovascular diseases at baseline. For participants who is willing to go further, a digital-based intervention will be provided for them to improve their knowledge and behaviour on cardiovascular health. For all participants, their status on subclinical organ damage, cardiovascular diseases and events will be followed within five years. The primary outcome is the composite endpoints of cardiovascular adverse events including acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiovascular death. The secondary outcomes include individual cardiovascular adverse events, all-cause mortality, subclinical organ damage including cardiac damage (left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction), renal damage (chronic kidney disease, microalbuminuria), and vascular damage (arterial stiffness, plaques, intima-median thickening, retina arteriosclerosis). By doing these, we will be able to build a registry study and to reveal the epidemiology of subclinical organ damage, validate the association between subclinical organ damage and cardiovascular events in Chinese, and explore the significance of digital-based intervention in the prevention from subclinical organ damage and cardiovascular diseases and events.

Inclusion Criteria:

• aged 18 years or older
• willing to participate the study and sign informed consent
• available for long-term follow-up

Exclusion Criteria:

• severe heart disease (NYHA IV)
• stage 4 or 5 CKD
• malignant tumors or with life expectancy less than 5 years
• stroke within 3 months
• refuse to participate the study or not available for long-term follow up

All healthy subjects having cardiovascular health check-up and patients with cardiovascular diseases in the cardiovascular research clinic of our hospital are eligible for this study