This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rose oil aromatherapy and hand-holding in reducing pain associated with peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) insertion.

Study Hypothesis:

H0-1. The application of rose oil aromatherapy during the PIVC insertion procedure does not reduce the pain associated with the procedure.

H0-2. During the PIVC insertion procedure, the patient's family holding the patient's hand does not reduce the pain associated with the procedure.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients voluntarily accepted to participate in the study,
• aged between 18-65,
• Turkish literate,
• PIVC placement planned,
• no hematoma, ecchymosis, scar and sensory change in the antecubital region,
• suitable for PIVC insertion with a 20 gauge (pink) catheter in the antecubital region,
• who did not take analgesic drugs for 24 hours and were accompanied by a member of the patient's family (spouse or child).
• patients with an Enhanced Adult DIVA (EA-DIVA) score below 8 for PIVC placement in a single intervention,
• the STAI score below 40

Exclusion Criteria:

• sensitive to smell and had problems in smelling,
• patients with epilepsy, asthma diagnosis,
• patients with a history of allergy