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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) occurs as a result of compression of the median nerve under the transverse ligament along the carpal tunnel. The main cause of median nerve compression and carpal tunnel syndrome is increased volume in the carpal tunnel. The pressure that edema puts on the nerve must be controlled in the early period. Edema that persists beyond the inflammatory process can contribute to the fibrotic stage, delay healing, and even cause complications such as pain and stiffness. Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is a specialized technique that involves gentle massage techniques and follows lymphatic pathways from proximal to distal and then from distal to proximal. On the basis of this concept; Increasing circulation by stimulating the lymph system, removing biochemical residues, reducing edema and pain, and regulating sympathetic and parasympathetic system responses. It is known that MLD rapidly regulates lymphatic circulation by creating a change in interstitial fluid pressure, thus preventing even arthrofibrotic tissue that may form after a traumatic situation, reducing edema that predisposes to pain, and increasing mobility. Nerve gliding exercises are another method used in treatment. By providing a sliding movement of the tendons and median nerve in the distal-proximal direction, mobilization of the surrounding soft tissues is achieved and dynamic ischemia is terminated. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of manual lymphatic drainage and nerve mobilization on clinical and ultrasonographic findings in carpal tunnel syndrome.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kontrol group | Active Comparator |
| |
| MLD group | Experimental |
| |
| Nerve gliding group | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manual lymphatic drainage | Other | Manual lymphatic drainage will be applied 5 days a week for about 15 minutes every day for 4 weeks. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Ultrasonographic Evaluation | Median nerve diameter measurements and depths of the participants will be made by USG with a multifrequency (7-15 MHz) linear probe. With USG, the median CBF and its depth will be measured distally from the level of the scaphoid bone (wrist; carpal tunnel level) and the midpoint of the forearm. | 20 minutes |
| Evaluation of symptom severity and functional status | It will be assessed with the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ). 1. The symptom severity scale (BCTQSS) has 11 items that evaluate pain, paresthesia, and weakness. 2. The functional status scale (BCTQ-FS) evaluates the ability to perform manual activities with 8 items. Each item evaluates the increasing severity of symptoms or difficulty with a higher score. | 10 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kutahya Health Science University Hospital | Kütahya | 43100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002349 | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
| D004487 | Edema |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020423 | Median Neuropathy |
| D020422 | Mononeuropathies |
| D010523 | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073297 | Manual Lymphatic Drainage |
| D013165 | Splints |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008405 | Massage |
| D064746 | Therapy, Soft Tissue |
| D026201 | Musculoskeletal Manipulations |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
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| splint | Device | In splint treatment, a volar-supported splint that keeps the wrist in a neutral position will be preferred and it will be recommended to both groups to be used only at night for 4 weeks. |
|
| Nerve gliding | Other | Median nerve gliding exercises as a home exercise program will be performed by the patient 5 days a week for 4 weeks. It will be performed in 6 different consecutive positions of the hand and wrist. |
|
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009408 | Nerve Compression Syndromes |
| D012090 | Cumulative Trauma Disorders |
| D013180 | Sprains and Strains |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D013812 |
| Therapeutics |
| D004322 | Drainage |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D016267 | External Fixators |
| D009984 | Orthopedic Fixation Devices |
| D009983 | Orthopedic Equipment |
| D013523 | Surgical Equipment |
| D004864 | Equipment and Supplies |
| D053831 | Surgical Fixation Devices |