Varicose veins are a result of valvular insufficiency and presented with twisted, enlarged veins. They not only cause cosmetic concerns but also lead to limb edema, skin pigmentation/lipodermatosclerosis, and even venous ulcers. This disease affects a large percentage of the population. Although there have been several researches on the risk factors for varicose veins and the outcomes of alternative therapies , there is currently limited data focusing on varicose veins in young patients. In this case-control study, we wanted to assess the risk factors for varicose veins in patients under the age of 40, as well as their long-term results of surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. great saphenous varicose veins (GSVV) with saphenous vein reflux >0.5s.
2. lower extremity venography excluding iliac vein compression;
3. treated by great saphenous vein stripping and ambulatory phlebectomy.
4. the patient had a minimum follow-up of five years.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. secondary varicose veins (defined as varicose veins caused by deep vein thrombosis, iliac venous compression or venous injury etc.);
2. small saphenous veins;
3. treated by endovenous ablation/laser or sclerotherapy alone.

Patients with primary great saphenous varicose veins (GSVV) and treated by great saphenous vein stripping and ambulatory phlebectomy.