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The objective of this randomized cross-over design was to investigate the fetal well-being and maternal glycemic response to an acute bout of aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) with pregnant individuals.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Exercise session | Experimental | Participants completed either the HIIT or MICT session. |
|
| 2nd Exercise session | Experimental | Participants completed the subsequent exercise protocol (i.e. HIIT or MICT) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High intensity Interval Training | Other | HIIT protocol consisted of 10 one-minute intervals of high-intensity work (i.e., > 90% HRmax) interspersed with nine one-minute intervals of self-paced active recovery (19-minutes total). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Flash Glucose Monitor; interstitial Glucose | Measured by a Flash Glucose monitor inserted onto the back of the left tricep | 7-days |
| Fetal Heart Rate | Measured via ultrasound pre and post exercise | 3-minutes |
| Fetal Umbilical Blood Flow | Measured Via ultrasound pre and post exercise | 3-minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal Heart Rate | Measured via heart rate monitor; Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. | 40-minutes |
| Accelerometer | The investigators will objectively measure physical activity using an accelerometer for one week. Average number of minutes per day spent in various activity levels will be determined. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Margie H Davenport, PhD | University of Alberta | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Alberta | Edmonton | Alberta | T6G 2R3 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37213048 | Derived | Wowdzia JB, Hazell TJ, Berg ERV, Labrecque L, Brassard P, Davenport MH. Maternal and Fetal Cardiovascular Responses to Acute High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Exercise During Pregnancy: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Sports Med. 2023 Sep;53(9):1819-1833. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01858-5. Epub 2023 May 22. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072696 | High-Intensity Interval Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
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| Moderate Intensity Continuous Training | Other | The MICT protocol consisted of 30-minutes of moderate intensity cycling (i.e., 64 - 76% HRmax). |
|
| 7-days |
| Food Log | The investigators will objectively measure nutrients in diet using a seven day food record. This is completed through Food Prodigy/ Food Processor software. | 7-days |
| Perceived rating of perceived exertion | Borg Scale; Ratings from 6 - 20; Rating of six is minimal perceived exertion and rating of 20 is maximal perceived exertion. | 40-minutes |
| Cardiovascular fitness | Graded exercise test to volitional fatigue. | 20-minutes |
| Cerebral Blood Flow of Posterior cerebral artery | Measured using a trans cranial doppler ultrasound. Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. | 40-min |
| Sleep Quality | The investigators will objectively measure sleep quality using an accelerometer for one week. Average number of hours of sleep per night, time spent awake after sleep onset, and number of awakenings will be determined | 7-days |
| Rating of Perceived Enjoyment (1-10 Scale) | Rating of 1 is the lowest level of perceived enjoyment, rating of 10 is maximal perceived enjoyment | 40-minutes |
| Blood pressure | Measured with a finometer; Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. | 40-min |
| Cardiac Output | Measured with a finometer; Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. | 40-min |
| Cerebral blood flow of middle cerebral artery | Measured using a trans cranial doppler ultrasound. Measured prior to, during, and after exercise. | 40-minutes |
| fasted blood sample- sex hormones | Fasted blood samples (~30ml) will be analyzed for sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone). | 5-minutes |
| Physical Activity Questionnaire | The participants will report physical activity using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (gives metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET-hr/week). | 5-minutes |
| Depression rating | Participants will answer a 10-question questionnaire regarding their mood. A score of 10 or higher is indicative of depressive symptoms. The investigators will report the over number of women in each group who have a score of 10+ at the start and end of the intervention. | 5-minutes |
| Respiratory measures - respiratory frequency | Breathing frequency (breaths per minute). Measured using spirometry. | 40-minutes |
| Respiratory measures - tidal volume | Tidal Volume (Liters per breath). Measured using spirometry. | 40-minutes |
| Respiratory measures - oxygen | Oxygen metabolism (% oxygen used per breath). Measured using a gas analyzer. | 40-minutes |
| Respiratory measures - carbon dioxide | Carbon Dioxide production (% carbon dioxide per breath). Measured using a gas analyzer. | 40-minutes |
| Respiratory measures - lung volume | Total Lung Capacity (Liters). Measured using spirometry. | 40-minutes |
| Fetal Outcome - birth weight | Participants will provide the investigators with birth weight for the infant (grams) | within one month postpartum |
| fetal outcomes- length | Participants will provide the investigators with birth length for the infant (cm) | within one month postpartum |
| fetal outcomes- gestational age | Participants will provide the investigators with gestational age at delivery (weeks) | within one month postpartum |
| maternal outcomes- mode of delivery | Participants will provide the investigators with mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean). | within one month postpartum |
| maternal outcomes- delivery complications | Participants will provide the investigators with information regarding any delivery complications. | within one month postpartum |
| maternal outcomes- pregnancy complications | Participants will provide the investigators with information regarding any pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes, pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia). | any time during study |
| fetal outcomes- NICU | Participants will provide the investigators with information regarding length (days) of admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) if applicable | within one month postpartum |
| maternal outcomes- gestational weight gain | Participants will provide the investigators with the last maternal weight immediately before delivery. This will be used to calculate gestational weight gain (kg; last maternal weight - self reported pre-pregnancy weight). | within one month postpartum |
| D009142 |
| Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |