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The primary outcome of the study is to determine if a difference in terms of pregnancy rate exists between direct and afterload embryo transfer (ET) techniques.
The secondary end points include the evaluation of the difficult transfer rates.
The study database includes all the single fresh and frozen (G5-G6) blastocyst transfers performed at Humanitas Fertility Centre between 1st January 2016 and 31th December 2021 by using the direct and afterload protocols.
Any blastocysts that underwent preimplantation genetic testing will be excluded from the analysis, as well as embryos derived from gamete donation or those imported from other centers.
Data are gathered using a specific internal web-based database, which allows to organize, store and readily retrieve information about patients and IVF cycle.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| clinical pregnancies with direct catheter | Clinical pregnancies occurred after fresh and frozen blastocyst transfers using direct technique. | ||
| clinical pregnancies with afterload catheter | Clinical pregnancies occurred after fresh and frozen blastocyst transfers using afterload technique. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| clinical pregnancy rate | number of pregnancies diagnosed by ultrasonographic visualization of one or more gestational sacs x 100 divided by the number of embryo transfer cycles | 6 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| difficult transfer rate | advancement of the outer sheath, multiple attempts, force, required manipulation, use of a stylet or tenaculum, dilatation, use of a different catheter | 6 years |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study database includes all the single fresh and frozen (G5-G6) blastocyst transfers performed at Humanitas Fertility Centre between 1st January 2016 and 31th December 2021 by using the direct and afterload protocols.
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37819552 | Derived | Cirillo F, Immediata V, Ronchetti C, Carletti T, Morenghi E, Albani E, Baggiani A, Levi-Setti PE. Steps forward in embryo transfer technique: a retrospective study comparing direct versus afterload catheters at different time frames. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2023 Dec;40(12):2895-2902. doi: 10.1007/s10815-023-02957-y. Epub 2023 Oct 11. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007246 | Infertility |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
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