The primary endpoint of this study was to compare the intestinal cleansing of patients with LGIB requiring colonoscopy, prepared with High-Volume or with Low-Volume who have to perform colonoscopy, directly from the ED. The intestinal cleansing was evaluated with the standardized Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS).

The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the tolerability and compliance of patients prepared with High-Volume in comparison to Low-Volume in the ED.

Inclusion Criteria:

• males or females
• > 18 years and <85 years,
• hemodynamically stable,
• able to sign informed consent
• requiring colonoscopy
• anemia (loss of at least 2 g/dl of Hb) with or without active bleeding

Exclusion Criteria:

• suspected or confirmed pregnancy,
• hemodynamically unstable patients,
• patients unable to swallow or with known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation,
• toxic megacolon,
• major colonic resection,
• heart failure (Class III or IV NYHA),
• severe liver failure,
• end-stage renal disease