It is not known if the use of high power charging systems for electric vehicles may interfere with the functionality of implanted pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators.

The use of electric cars for public and private transport is increasing all over the world. Moreover the charging technique is improving and enables very fast charging with the use of high power. It is not known if the use of high volume charging systems interfere with cardiac implantable electronic devices. The study evaluates different types of high volume charging systems connected to different full electric vehicles with regard to electromagnetic interference with implanted pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillators.

Inclusion Criteria:

• implanted cardiac implantable electronic device with regular function

Exclusion Criteria:

• implanted cardiac implantable electronic device with irregular function

Assessor is blinded regarding patient and details of intervention (i.e. which charging column and which electric cars were used)