This trail is a multi-center,prospective observational study aimed to detect early-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma by a Novel Blood-based DNA Methylation Assay(named Genetron HCC Methylation PCR Kit ). The accuracy of the kit will also be evaluated . The trail will be enroll approximately 4816 participants, including participants with HCC or benign diseases, and high risk factors for liver cancer.

Diagnostic performance evaluation:

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver ultrasound (US), dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and the kit examination will be performed on high-risk participants of primary liver cancer.

For subjects with typical imaging findings of hepatocellular carcinoma but an intrahepatic nodule diameter of ≤2 cm, an imaging study will be added to the above.

According to the clinical diagnostic criteria of primary liver cancer, the diagnostic performance of the kit, liver ultrasound examination (US) combined with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) detection will be evaluated, and the sensitivity of the kit, the kit combined with AFP, the kit combined with AFP and US, AFP combined with US screening for primary liver cancer will be compared.

Test performance evaluation:

Plasma samples of patients with and without HCC diagnosed according to the clinical diagnostic criteria of primary HCC will be collected and examined simultaneously by the kit and high-throughput human methylation sequencing (NGS sequencing).

Diagnostic performance evaluation:

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Have high risk factors for liver cancer such as HBV and/or HCV infection, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, long-term consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxin, liver cirrhosis caused by various other reasons, and family history of liver cancer Wait;
2. I or my legal representative can read, understand and sign the informed consent;
3. Agree to provide blood samples, be able to receive imaging examinations and have good clinical compliance;
4. The complete clinical basic information includes: the patient's unique traceability number (ID number/outpatient clinic number/medical insurance card number), age, gender, etc.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. pregnant women;
2. Have received an organ transplant;
3. Diagnosed with other tumors;
4. The investigators judged that they were not eligible for inclusion.

Test performance evaluation:

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Confirmed primary hepatocellular carcinoma or confirmed non-HCC;
2. I or my legal representative can read, understand and sign the informed consent;
3. Agree to provide blood samples and have good clinical compliance;
4. The basic clinical information is complete, including: the patient's unique traceability number (ID number/outpatient clinic number/medical insurance card number), age, gender, imaging and/or pathological diagnosis results (for patients with primary liver cancer), imaging examination confirmed non-identical Liver cancer (non-HCC patients).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. pregnant women;
2. Have received an organ transplant;
3. Non-HCC patients diagnosed with other tumors;
4. Patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma combined with other tumors;
5. The investigator judges that they are not eligible for inclusion.

Patients diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, or with high risk factors for liver cancer such as HBV and/or HCV infection, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, long-term consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxin, various other causes of liver cirrhosis, and patients with a family history of liver cancer, etc.