Adult patient with single or multiple missing tooth or teeth requiring dental implants, 40 dental implants will be placed in osteotomy sites based on radiographic findings (CBCT), the primary stability will be measured immediately after implant installation and secondary stability will be measured after 12 weeks .

Both primary and secondary stability will be measured by three devices:

1. Osstell®: based on Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA).
2. Periotest®: based on damping effect.
3. AnyCheck®: based on tapping-motion.

1. Osstell®: is a device that measure implant stability and based on resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Due to stiffness in the interface between the implant surface and the bone smart peg will vibrates accordingly. the more dense bone the higher stability, the higher frequency and higher Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) value which is from 1-100.
2. Periotest®: is a device used to assess osseointegration of dental implants, so it measure implant stability . it is based on damping effect of implant. Showing the measurement digitally on a scale from -8 (low mobility) to 50 (high mobility) PTV units.
3. AnyCheck®: this is an implant stability meter that measures the stiffness of alveolar bone-implant interface through a tapping motion. Showing the measurement on a scale from 30 (low stability) to 85 (high stability).

Implant stability will be measured by:

Osstell® (RFA) that is measured by Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) Value.

Implant stability will be measured by:

Periotest® (damping effect) that is measured by Periotest Value (PTV).

Implant stability will be measured by:

AnyCheck® (tapping-motion) that is measured by Initial Stability Test (IST) Value.

Correlation between values obtained by:

1. Osstell® (RFA): measured by Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) Value.
2. Periotest® (damping effect): measured by Periotest Value (PTV).
3. AnyCheck® (tapping-motion): measured by Initial Stability Test (IST) Value.