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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon | OTHER |
| Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca | OTHER |
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Introduction: Sleep disorders are a growing concern for public health, being related, among others, to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases or poorer cognitive functioning. In addition, these might have a possible impact on aspects related to personal motivation and quality of life. However, few studies have analyzed the possible determinants of sleep quality in the adult population as a whole, establishing patterns based on these.
Objective: To evaluate the determinants of sleep quality in a representative sample of the general adult population aged 25 to 65 years old and to establish patterns of sleep quality based on lifestyles, psychological factors, morbidities and biological markers.
Methodology:
Design: This is a descriptive observational, cross-sectional study that will include a representative sample of 500 people aged 25 to 65 years old from the city of Salamanca (Spain) selected by random sampling stratified by age and sex.
Study variables: A visit lasting approximately 90 minutes will be carried out. The determinants of sleep quality will be assessed using both objective and self-reported methods. Variables related to life styles will be assessed: physical activity, diet and toxic habits including tobacco smoking or alcohol use. Morbidity data will also be collected, and psychological factors such as anxiety will also be assessed. Serum melatonin levels will be determined as a biological marker related to sleep quality.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep quality | Measured by accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X). This device reports Total Sleep Time (TST) measured in minutes. | Baseline |
| Sleep quality | Measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Possible scores on the PSQI range from 0 (no difficulty) to 21 (severe difficulties in all areas). | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Physical activity | Measured by accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X). This device reports physical activity measured in steps per hour. | Baseline |
| Diet | Measured by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Possible scores range from 0 (lower adherence) to 14 (higher adherence). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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This study will include participants affiliated with the Health Service of Castilla y León (SACYL) (Spain) who meet all the eligibility criteria and none of the exclusion criteria.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| José Ignacio Recio Rodriguez | Salamanca | Salamanca | 37005 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41387971 | Derived | Jimenez-Vaquero C, Gonzalez-Sanchez J, Alonso-Dominguez R, Garcia-Yu IA, Sanchez-Aguadero N, Crespo-Sedano A, Rihuete-Galve MI, Recio-Rodriguez JI. Sleep quality in Spanish adults: an age- and sex-stratified cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 12;15(1):43670. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27418-7. | |
| 41248358 | Derived |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Baseline |
| Tobacco smoking | Measured by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. This six-item questionnaire generates test scores ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater nicotine dependence. | Baseline |
| Alcohol use | Measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Possible scores range from 0 to 40. An AUDIT score of 8 or more indicates hazardous or harmful alcohol use; a score of less than 8 indicates non-hazardous consumption. | Baseline |
| Anxiety | Measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire. Possible scores range from 0 to 21. Increasing scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. | Baseline |
| Serum melatonin levels | Serum melatonin levels (measured in pg/ml) will be determined by high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS triple quadrupole). | Baseline |
| Jimenez-Vaquero C, Gonzalez-Sanchez J, Alonso-Dominguez R, Garcia-Yu IA, Sanchez-Aguadero N, Crespo-Sedano A, Rihuete-Galve MI, Recio-Rodriguez JI. Sex-specific sleep profiles in Spanish adults: cross-sectional actigraphy-PSQI study with cluster analysis in Salamanca and Avila. BMJ Open. 2025 Nov 4;15(11):e103094. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103094. |
| 36889827 | Derived | Jimenez-Vaquero C, Alonso-Dominguez R, Garcia-Yu IA, Martin-Nogueras AM, Sanchez-Aguadero N, Crespo-Sedano A, Rihuete-Galve MI, Garcia-Alonso MA, Garcia-Prieto ML, Gonzalez-Sanchez J, Recio JI. Analysis of the determinants of sleep quality in a Spanish population: a study protocol for a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2023 Mar 8;13(3):e069444. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069444. |
| D001523 |
| Mental Disorders |