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The feet, which are support surfaces, are adapted to the physiological relaxation and biomechanical changes that occur during pregnancy. In this adaptation, it has not been objectively clarified how the plantar fascia, which plays a very important role in maintaining the height of the plantar arch, undergoes a change. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study is to investigate the normative values of trimester-specific biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the plantar fascia, which adapts to changes in foot structure during pregnancy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| First trimester pregnant women (first pregnancy) | This group will consist of women in the first trimester and in first trimester of pregnancy |
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| Second trimester pregnant women (first pregnancy) | This group will consist of women in the second trimester and in first trimester of pregnancy |
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| Third trimester pregnant women (first pregnancy) | This group will consist of women in the third trimester and in first trimester of pregnancy |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of biomechanics and viscoelastic properties of plantar fascia | Other | The biomechanical (Tone-Hz, Stiffness-N/m and decrement) and viscoelastic (creep and relaxation time-ms) properties of the plantar fascia will be measured in the side lying position. Measurements will be made with the ankle in neutral position. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of biomechanical properties of plantar fascia | Measuring of the stiffness (N/m) of the plantar fascia (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | The measurement of the baseline stiffness values of plantar fascia between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of biomechanical properties of plantar fascia | Measuring of the decrement of the plantar fascia (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | The measurement of the baseline decrement values of plantar fascia between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| Evaluation of biomechanical properties of plantar fascia | Measuring of the tone (Hz) of the plantar fascia (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | The measurement of the baseline tone values of plantar fascia between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| Evaluation of viscoelastic properties of plantar fascia | Measuring of the creep of the plantar fascia (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | The measurement of the baseline creep values of plantar fascia between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| Evaluation of viscoelastic properties of plantar fascia | Measuring of the relaxation time (ms) of the plantar fascia (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | The measurement of the baseline relaxation time values of plantar fascia between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of Body Weight | Body weight (kg) will be measured | The measurement of the baseline body weight between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| Evaluation of Body Mass Index (BMI) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Pregnant women in the first pregnancy
Pregnant women in the first- trimester, second trimester or third trimester (first-time pregnancy)
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ä°stanbul Medeniyet University | Istanbul | Turkey (TĂĽrkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19208789 | Result | Challis JR, Lockwood CJ, Myatt L, Norman JE, Strauss JF 3rd, Petraglia F. Inflammation and pregnancy. Reprod Sci. 2009 Feb;16(2):206-15. doi: 10.1177/1933719108329095. | |
| 30794956 | Result | Cherni Y, Desseauve D, Decatoire A, Veit-Rubinc N, Begon M, Pierre F, Fradet L. Evaluation of ligament laxity during pregnancy. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2019 May;48(5):351-357. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.02.009. Epub 2019 Feb 20. |
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| Evaluation of Foot Morphological Characteristics | Other | Foot length and width will be measured. |
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| Evaluation of navıcular mobility | Other | The amount of navicular drop of both feet will be measured. |
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| Evaluation of Foot Posture | Other | Foot posture will be evaluated according to Foot Posture Index. |
|
BMI will be calculated as person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
| The measurement of the baseline BMI between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| Evaluation of Foot Morphological Characteristics | Foot width (cm) will be measured | The measurement of the baseline foot width between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| Evaluation of Foot Morphological Characteristics | Foot length (cm) will be measured | The measurement of the baseline foot length between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| Evaluation of foot mobility | Navicular drop values will be measured | The measurement of the baseline navicular drop values between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| Evaluation of foot posture | Foot posture will be evaluated according to foot posture index. | The measurement of the baseline foot posture characteristics between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks |
| 23117270 | Result | Segal NA, Boyer ER, Teran-Yengle P, Glass NA, Hillstrom HJ, Yack HJ. Pregnancy leads to lasting changes in foot structure. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Mar;92(3):232-40. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31827443a9. |
| 30352050 | Result | Huang J, Qin K, Tang C, Zhu Y, Klein CS, Zhang Z, Liu C. Assessment of Passive Stiffness of Medial and Lateral Heads of Gastrocnemius Muscle, Achilles Tendon, and Plantar Fascia at Different Ankle and Knee Positions Using the MyotonPRO. Med Sci Monit. 2018 Oct 23;24:7570-7576. doi: 10.12659/MSM.909550. |
| 28167175 | Result | Sanjana F, Chaudhry H, Findley T. Effect of MELT method on thoracolumbar connective tissue: The full study. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017 Jan;21(1):179-185. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.05.010. Epub 2016 Jun 3. |