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There is anatomical fascial continuity and functional connection between the plantar fascia, which has important roles in foot biomechanics, and the fibers of the Achilles tendon, and the change that will occur in any of these tissues is reflected in the other. However, it has not been objectively clarified how the tissue properties of the Achilles tendon, which plays an important role in foot biomechanics, such as the plantar fascia, change with pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study is to investigate the trimester-specific biomechanical (stiffness, decrement and tone) and viscoelastic (creep and relaxation time) properties of the Achilles tendon, which adapts to changes in the foot structure during pregnancy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| First trimester pregnant women (first pregnancy) | This group will consist of women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women will be evaluated 2 points of the Achilles Tendon |
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| Second trimester pregnant women (first pregnancy) | This group will consist of women in the second trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women will be evaluated 2 points of the Achilles Tendon |
| |
| Third trimester pregnant women (first pregnancy) | This group will consist of women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women will be evaluated 2 points of the Achilles Tendon |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of biomechanics and viscoelastic properties of Achilles tendon | Other | The biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the Achilles tendon will be measured in the side lying position. Measurements will be taken from two different points with the ankle in the neutral position. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of biomechanical properties of achilles tendon | Measuring of the stiffness (N/m) of the achilles tendon (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | Measurement the baseline stiffness values of Achilles tendon between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of biomechanical properties of achilles tendon | Measuring of the decrement of the achilles tendon (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | Measurement the baseline decrement values of Achilles tendon between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of biomechanical properties of achilles tendon | Measuring of the tone (Hz) of the achilles tendon (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | Measurement the baseline tone values of Achilles tendon between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of viscoelastic properties of achilles tendon | Measuring of the creep of the achilles tendon (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | Measurement the baseline creep values of Achilles tendon between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of viscoelastic properties of achilles tendon | Measuring of the relaxation time (ms) of the achilles tendon (with MyotonPro, Myoton AS, Tallin, Estonia) in the side lying position. | Measurement the baseline relaxation time values of Achilles tendon between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of Body Weight | Measuring of the Body Weight | Measurement the baseline body weight (kg) between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of Body Mass Index (BMI) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Pregnant women
Pregnant women (first pregnancy)
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| İstanbul Medeniyet University | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9201635 | Result | Dumas GA, Reid JG. Laxity of knee cruciate ligaments during pregnancy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997 Jul;26(1):2-6. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1997.26.1.2. | |
| 12576258 | Result | Marnach ML, Ramin KD, Ramsey PS, Song SW, Stensland JJ, An KN. Characterization of the relationship between joint laxity and maternal hormones in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Feb;101(2):331-5. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02447-x. |
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| Evaluation of foot characteristics | Other | The mobility of foot, morphological changes of foot and foot posture will be evaluated |
|
BMI (kg/m2) will be calculated as person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.
| Measurement the baseline BMI values at between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of foot mobility | Navicular drop values will be measured | The measurement of the baseline navicular drop values between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of foot morphological properties | Foot length will be measured | The measurement of the baseline foot length between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of foot morphological properties | Foot width will be measured | The measurement of the baseline foot width between 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| Evaluation of foot posture | Foot posture will be evaluated according to foot posture index | The measurement of the baseline foot posturebetween 10-14 weeks, between 20-24 weeks and between 32-36 weeks. |
| 29332731 | Result | Orner S, Kratzer W, Schmidberger J, Gruner B. Quantitative tissue parameters of Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in healthy subjects using a handheld myotonometer. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018 Jan;22(1):105-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.06.015. Epub 2017 Jun 21. |
| 7550955 | Result | Snow SW, Bohne WH, DiCarlo E, Chang VK. Anatomy of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in relation to the calcaneus in various age groups. Foot Ankle Int. 1995 Jul;16(7):418-21. doi: 10.1177/107110079501600707. |
| 33071278 | Result | Chang TT, Feng YN, Zhu Y, Liu CL, Wang XQ, Zhang ZJ. Objective Assessment of Regional Stiffness in Achilles Tendon in Different Ankle Joint Positions Using the MyotonPRO. Med Sci Monit. 2020 Oct 19;26:e926407. doi: 10.12659/MSM.926407. |