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The aim of this study is to, using fMRI, compare brain activations during olfactory imagery induced by different visual supports (words, pictures, colors and colored arrangements) in healthy subjects.
This will allow us to choose the best olfactory imagery facilitator and to assess its effect on cybersickness.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Functional MRI | Device | The volunteer will have to imagine the smells evoked by different visual aids. This task will be carried out during 2 acquisition runs of about 10 minutes each. The volunteer should note (on a scale from 1 to 4) the pleasantness of the smell evoked. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Comparison of cerebral activations between the different supports mediating the olfactory imagination during the execution of the fMRI tasks. | The cerebral activations between the different supports mediating the olfactory imagination will be compared in terms of localization and intensity of the variations of the BOLD signal during the execution of the fMRI tasks. | Baseline (J0) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Determination of the visual support allowing the strongest olfactory imagination during the fMRI by subjective evaluations using two 4-level Likert scales. | Subjective evaluations will be carried out using two 4-level Likert scales. | Baseline (J0) |
| Determination of the visual support allowing the strongest olfactory imagination during the fMRI test by the cerebral activations in areas recognized for their implications in the olfactory imagination. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHRU Nancy | Nancy | France |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33408672 | Background | Fantin L, Ceyte H, Ramdane-Cherif Z, Jacquot M, Hossu G. French Vividness of Olfactory Imagery Questionnaire: A Potential Tool for Diagnosing Olfactory Loss by Assessing Olfactory Imagery? Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 21;11:606667. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606667. eCollection 2020. | |
| 40898763 | Result | Fantin L, Ceyte H, Rumeau C, Drouot G, Hossu G. Semantical Visual Information Facilitates Odor Imagery: A Combined Neurophysiological and Psychometrical Approach. Brain Behav. 2025 Sep;15(9):e70835. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70835. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008279 | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014054 | Tomography |
| D003952 | Diagnostic Imaging |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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| Virtual Reality: control | Other | The volunteer will be immersed in a virtual maritime environment with nauseating characteristics. In the center of the maritime scene, it will be visible the black outlines of a frame. Every minute, the volunteer will be asked to verbalize the level of his general condition via the Fast Motion Sickness Scale (1 to 20). |
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| Virtual Reality: experimental | Other | The volunteer will be immersed in a virtual maritime environment with nauseating characteristics. The visual support inserted in the center of the virtual scene will be the one defined as being the most facilitator of the olfactory imagination during the fMRI examination. The volunteer will be asked to concentrate on the smell evoked by this support. Every minute, the volunteer will be asked to verbalize the level of his general condition via the Fast Motion Sickness Scale (1 to 20). |
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The cerebral activations will be measured by the intensity of the variations of the BOLD signal during the execution of the fMRI tasks. |
| Baseline (J0) |
| Description of the evolution of the cardiac activity during olfactory imagination tasks in fMRI. | The cardiac activity will be evaluated by the R-wave interval. The cardiac activity will be recorded via the ECG during olfactory imagination tasks in fMRI. | Baseline (J0) |
| Description of the evolution of the respiratory activity during olfactory imagination tasks in fMRI. | The respiratory activity will be evaluated by the respiratory rate. The respiratory activity will be recorded via the respiratory belt during olfactory imagination tasks in fMRI. | Baseline (J0) |
| Evaluation of the state of discomfort in virtual reality by measuring the cardiac activity. | Cardiac activity will be evaluated by the R-wave interval. Cardiac activity during immersion will be recorded by the cardio-respiratory belt. | Baseline (J0) and 6 months maximum after J0 (V1) |
| Evaluation of the state of discomfort in virtual reality by the "Simulator Sickness Questionnaire" (SSQ) before and after immersion. | The participant will answer to the "Simulator Sickness Questionnaire" (SSQ) before and after immersion (minimum=0 and maximum=235,62). A higher score means a more severe discomfort. | Baseline (J0) and 6 months maximum after J0 (V1) |
| 40067876 | Result | Fantin L, Hossu G, Rumeau C, Drouot G, Ceyte H. Is it all in your head? Reducing virtual reality induced cybersickness by pleasant odor imagery. PLoS One. 2025 Mar 11;20(3):e0319661. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319661. eCollection 2025. |