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This study aimed to examine the impact of surgical masks on maximal and submaximal exercise in both athlete and non-athlete individuals.
All participants will be informed about the procedure and, will sign an informed consent form. They will undergone a detailed physical examination before enrollment in the study. The study is conducted in 2-phases, in non-randomized, controlled design. Cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) are going to be performed with and without a surgical mask with 48 hours in between.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| with surgical mask | Experimental | all participants who were applied CPET with surgical mask |
|
| without surgical mask | Active Comparator | all participants who were applied CPET without surgical mask |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPET without mask | Diagnostic Test | Regular cardiopulmonary exercise tests were applied to all participants in phase 1. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) change between CPET with surgical mask and without surgical mask | Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a well known, gold standard test to measure VO2 max during exercise. The higher VO2 max value shows better endurance.VOâ‚‚ max is the maximum (max) rate (V) of oxygen (Oâ‚‚) the body is able to use during exercise | two CPET tests which will be carried out two days within 2 weeks |
| max minute ventilation (VEmax) change between CPET with surgical mask and without surgical mask | VEmax is the maximum volume of gas inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from a person's lungs per minute. | two CPET tests which will be carried out two days within 2 weeks |
| exercise test duration change between CPET with surgical mask and without surgical mask | CPET duration of a participant | two CPET tests which will be carried out two days within 2 weeks |
| end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (pETCO2) change at the maximum and anaerobic levels of CPET | End-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (pETCO2) is the level of carbon dioxide that is released at the end of an exhaled breath. | two CPET tests which will be carried out two days within 2 weeks |
| End-tidal partial oxygen pressure (pETO2) change at the maximum and anaerobic levels of CPET | refers to PO2 of exhaled gas. It is measured at the end of exhalation and its units are mm Hg. | two CPET tests which will be carried out two days within 2 weeks |
| Tidal volume (TV) change at the maximum and anaerobic levels of CPET |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| minute ventilation at anerobic level (VEan) results of athlete and non-athlete comparison | The VEan difference in between the changes in CPETs with and without masks of athletes and non-athletes | 2 weeks |
| maximum minute ventilation (VEmax) results of athlete and non-athlete comparison |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Şensu Dinçer | Istanbul | 34093 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
All individual participant data (IPD)that will underlie results
starting 1 year after publication
IPD can be shared by researchers such as exercise physiologists, sports scientist and sport medicine physicians
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005080 | Exercise Test |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006334 | Heart Function Tests |
| D003935 | Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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A prospective, crossover designed study was conducted in 2 phases. Cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed with and without surgical mask in all participants in between 48 hours. The participant group was further divided into two groups as athlete and non-athlete. In first step, parameters were compared between the CPET tests performed with and without surgical masks. In second step, athletes' and non-athletes' parameters were compared during CPET tests performed with surgical mask.
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| CPET with mask | Diagnostic Test | A 3-layer surgical mask was placed on CPET device's mask and was fixed with a CPET tribune. In phase 2, as using this combined (surgical mask and device's mask) masks, CPETs were performed in all participants again, after 48 hours. |
|
TV that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing
| two CPET tests which will be carried out two days within 2 weeks |
The VEmax difference in between the changes in CPETs with and without masks of athletes and non-athletes |
| 2 weeks |
| VO2max results of athlete and non-athlete comparison | The VO2max difference in between the changes in CPETs with and without masks of athletes and non-athletes | 2 weeks |
| VO2an results of athlete and non-athlete comparison | The VO2an difference in between the changes in CPETs with and without masks of athletes and non-athletes | 2 weeks |
| PETO2 results of athlete and non-athlete comparison | The PETO2 difference in between the changes in CPETs with and without masks of athletes and non-athletes | 2 weeks |
| PETCO2 | The PETCO2 difference in between the changes in CPETs with and without masks of athletes and non-athletes | 2 weeks |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D012129 | Respiratory Function Tests |
| D003948 | Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System |
| D016552 | Ergometry |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |