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The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) is originally developed in English to evaluate the pain, function and alignment in patients with hallux deformities. The purpose of this study is to translate and cross-culturally adapt the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP scale into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties.
The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) is originally developed in English to evaluate joint function in patients with elbow stiffness. The purpose of this study is to translate and cross-culturally adapt the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP scale into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties. Approximately seventy patients with hallux deformities will be included. For cross-cultural adaptation, two bi-lingual translators will use the back-translation procedure. Within a 5-to-7-day period after the first assessment, the participants will complete the Turkish version of AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP-T) to evaluate test-retest reliability. Cronbach's alpha (α) will use to assess internal consistency. The correlation with the Turkish version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) and Short Form-12 will be determined to check the validity.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) | The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) is composed of 9 items, distributed over 3 categories: pain (40 points), functional aspects (50 points), and alignment (10 points), for a total of 100 points. | Day 1 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) | The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) is composed of 9 items, distributed over 3 categories: pain (40 points), functional aspects (50 points), and alignment (10 points), for a total of 100 points. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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All participants are patients who have an hallux deformity and are treated in the orthopedic service. The participants with hallux deformity are directed for assessment following a confirmation by an orthopaedist based on the physical examinations and diagnostic imaging.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tansu Birinci, PhD, PT | Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa | Istanbul | Bakırkoy | 34147 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005530 | Foot Deformities |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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| Within a 5-to-7-day period after the first assessment (Day 1) |
| The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) | The MOXFQ is a 16-item instrument answered on a five-point Likert scale (each item is scored from 0 to 4, with 4 denoting 'most severe'). Scores for each item are summed to form three separate subscales representing underlying domains: walking/standing problems (seven items), foot pain (five items), and issues related to social interaction (four items). Raw scale scores are then each converted to a metric from 0 to 100, where 100 denotes the most severe. | Day 1 |
| Short Form-12 (SF-12) | Short Form-12 (SF-12), which is developed based on Short Form-36, consists of 12 items: 7 items dealing with the physical components scores (PCS-12) and 5 items related to the mental components scores (MCS-12) of SF-12. Range of both scores is 0 to 100, where the higher scores indicate better health related quality of life. | Day 1 |
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) | Pain intensity will be measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), in which the participants will be asked to indicate their perceived pain at rest, during activity, and at night on the 10 cm line between no pain and terrible pain. The score will be determined by measuring the distance on a 10 cm line using a ruler. | Day 1 |