The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the CPAQ-8

The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8

Acceptance of chronic pain is becoming an increasingly important issue in the field of pain management. Many researchers argue that patients who accept pain better function better both physically and psychologically. In many countries, the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire - 8 (CPAQ-8) has been frequently validated and used to measure the pain acceptance of patients with chronic pain.1 However, the CPAQ-8 has not yet been introduced and validated in Turkey. In this study, we aimed to translate the English version of CPAQ-8 into Turkish, make correct cross-cultural adaptations, and validate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of CPAQ-8 by testing it in Turkish fibromyalgia patients.

Chronic pain is an undesirable condition that affects a large part of the society and increases the psychological and economic burden of the population it affects. Psychological variables are known to be strong in the perception of pain and especially cause patients to avoid activity in order to reduce pain. Individuals prefer to avoid painful experiences when they are worn out in repetitive attempts to control and prevent pain, which ultimately causes pain to become more dominant and destructive, and activities that are valuable to the individual are neglected.1 At this point, accepting pain can be seen as the antithesis of avoiding painful experiences. Acceptance of pain is a strong predictor of low disability in chronic pain.2 The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) represents one of the ways in which pain acceptance is functionalized and measured in the context of chronic pain. The short form of CPAQ, CPAQ-8, was developed and validated recently and shows the same factor structure, reliability and validity as the 20-factor version. Given that psychometric testing is an incremental process, further evaluation of the questionnaire is desirable, including test-retest reliability and replication of results reported by Fish et al.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who applied to our physical medicine and rehabilitation outpatient clinic,
• Agreed to participate in the study, were over the age of 18,
• Had at least primary school education, were diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome according to the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria,
• Could speak and communicate in Turkish were included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those who did not agree to participate in the study,
• <18 years old, and could not communicate in Turkish