The Cardiopulmonary Effects and Diaphragm Function of Complete Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Upper Abdominal Surgery

The Fully Engaged Inspiratory Muscle Training Reduces Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Rate and Increased Respiratory Muscle Function in Patients With Upper Abdominal Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Upper abdominal surgical treatment may have reduced respiratory muscle function and mucociliary clearance, which might be a consequence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The threshold inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may serve as an effective modality to improve respiratory muscle strength and endurance in patients. However, whether this training could help patients with upper abdominal surgery remain to be determined.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. ≧20 years old with upper abdominal surgery,
2. American Society of Anesthesiologists; ASA) I-IV
3. body Mass Index; BMI≥ 18
4. able to follow exercise protocol. T

Exclusion Criteria:

1. history of prior abdominal surgery
2. high risk of exercise contraindications (e.g. severe cardiac or cardiovascular disease), 3) American Society of Anesthesiologists; ASA) V-IV

4) unable to follow exercise protocol 5) severe organ failure