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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of virtual reality based games on upper extremities, trunk and cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's Disease.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| study group | Experimental | 1 hour physiotherapy session for 3 times a week and 8 weeks in total. |
|
| control group | Active Comparator | 1 hour physiotherapy session for 3 times a week and 8 weeks in total. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality based games | Other | In an hour physiotherapy session first 40 minutes of session includes conventional physiotherapy program tailored to patient's needs. Last 20 minutes of session includes virtual reality based games aiming improvement on upper extremities, trunk and cognitive functions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Upper extremities performance with 9 hole peg test | The patient sits with a table in front of him/her and places 9 small wooden sticks on the surface with nine holes on them, takes them out again and lays them on his/her side. He/she is asked to do it as quickly as possible and his/her time is saved | Change from Baseline at 8 weeks |
| Upper extremities performance with Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test | It involves taking small disc-shaped objects, each of standard size, to different distances on the table in the shortest possible time and placing them in sequence, while the patient is in a sitting position with a table in front of him/her. | Change from Baseline at 8 weeks |
| Cognitive Status with Montreal Cognitive Assessment | its validity and reliability in Turkish have been established. The total score ranges from 0-30, and a higher score indicates a better cognitive status. Below 21 points indicates cognitive impairment. | Change from Baseline at 8 weeks |
| Trunk Functions with Trunk Impairment Scale | It is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating the motor disorders and balance of the trunk in Parkinson's patients. The total score in the scale, which consists of 17 items in 3 sections, ranges from 0 to 23. A higher score indicates better trunk function and balance. | Change from Baseline at 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic balance with functional reach test | Functional reach test is frequently used to assess dynamic balance and fall risk. While the patient is standing by the wall, he/she raises his/her arm to 90 degrees and tries to reach as far as he/she can without taking his/her feet off the ground. Extending a longer distance indicates better balance and less risk of falling | Change from Baseline at 8 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gül Yalçın Çakmaklı, Assoc. Prof. | Hacettepe University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hacettepe University | Ankara | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25904081 | Background | Kalia LV, Lang AE. Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 2015 Aug 29;386(9996):896-912. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61393-3. Epub 2015 Apr 19. | |
| 18344392 | Background | Jankovic J. Parkinson's disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;79(4):368-76. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010300 | Parkinson Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020734 | Parkinsonian Disorders |
| D001480 | Basal Ganglia Diseases |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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|
| Conventional exercises | Other | In an hour physiotherapy session first 40 minutes of session includes conventional physiotherapy program tailored to patient's needs. Last 20 minutes of session includes conventional physiotherapy approaches aiming improvement on upper extremities, trunk and cognitive functions. |
|
| Balance and mobility with Timed Up and Go Test | While the patient is in a sitting position, he/she is asked to stand up from the chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, come back and sit down, and the time is recorded. Doing it in less time demonstrates better balance and mobility | Change from Baseline at 8 weeks |
| Quality of life with Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire | The 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire was developed to evaluate the quality of life of Parkinson's patients and has Turkish validity and reliability. Higher scores mean worse outcome. | Change from Baseline at 8 weeks |
| Disease severity and symptoms with Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part 2 and 3 | It is one of the most frequently used scales to evaluate the severity of the disease in Parkinson's patients. It evaluates many problems such as motor and non-motor problems, treatment complications, problems in daily living activities and consists of 4 sections. However, in our study, the 2nd and 3rd sections which evaluate motor problems and activities of daily living will be used. Higher scores mean worse outcome. | Change from Baseline at 8 weeks |
| 26360239 | Background | Abbruzzese G, Marchese R, Avanzino L, Pelosin E. Rehabilitation for Parkinson's disease: Current outlook and future challenges. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Jan;22 Suppl 1:S60-4. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Sep 3. |
| 28528804 | Background | Allen NE, Song J, Paul SS, Smith S, O'Duffy J, Schmidt M, Love R, Sherrington C, Canning CG. An interactive videogame for arm and hand exercise in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017 Aug;41:66-72. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.05.011. Epub 2017 May 15. |
| 21306202 | Background | Levin MF. Can virtual reality offer enriched environments for rehabilitation? Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 Feb;11(2):153-5. doi: 10.1586/ern.10.201. No abstract available. |
| 38182919 | Derived | Cetin B, Kilinc M, Cakmakli GY. The effects of exergames on upper extremity performance, trunk mobility, gait, balance, and cognition in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled study. Acta Neurol Belg. 2024 Jun;124(3):853-863. doi: 10.1007/s13760-023-02451-3. Epub 2024 Jan 5. |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D000080874 | Synucleinopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |