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This is the first ever comparative effectiveness study of an antibiotic-sparing novel self-management intervention to prevent complicated urinary tract infection (UTI).
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common outpatient infection world-wide, and for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurogenic bladder (NB), it is the most common infection, secondary condition, cause for emergency room visits, and infectious cause of hospitalization. Despite its prevalence, attempts to ameliorate UTI among people with SCI are stymied by long-standing diagnostic challenges which arise from evidence gaps around "gold standard" diagnostic tests (urinalysis and urine culture) that have lower sensitivity and specificity for UTI in this population. A high prevalence of chronic inflammation leading to persistence of white blood cells (WBC) in the urine confounds the utility of WBC count, pyuria, and leukocyte esterase as biomarkers for UTI; nitrites in urine indicate the presence of only specific (but not all) organisms, many of which are present to a greater extent in the urine of people with SCI; and people with SCI have a high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria. These physiologic changes render the gold standard diagnostic tests less useful for identifying UTI in persons with SCI.
SPECIFIC AIM 1 Compare the effects of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (LGG®) + Saline bladder wash (BW) versus BW alone on USQNB-determined bladder (B1) and urine quality (B2) symptom burden (two co-primary outcomes) where participants self-manage in response to two trigger symptoms (cloudier and/or more foul-smelling urine).
SPECIFIC AIM 2 Compare the effects of LGG®+BW versus BW alone (in response to the two trigger symptoms) on key secondary outcomes: number of days lost from rehabilitation, work, and/or school; number of days symptomatic; number of interactions with the health care system due to urinary symptoms; exposure to antibiotics (days, volume).
SPECIFIC AIM 3 Compare the prophylactic effects of LGG®+BW versus BW alone on USQNB-determined bladder (B1) and urine quality (B2) symptom burden.
SPECIFIC AIM 4 Compare the prophylactic effects of LGG®+BW versus BW alone on key secondary outcomes: number of days lost from rehabilitation, work, and/or school; number of days symptomatic; number of interactions with the health care system due to urinary symptoms; exposure to antibiotics (days, volume).
SPECIFIC AIM 5 Compare satisfaction of participants who instilled LGG®+BW to satisfaction of those who instilled BW only and determine if dropouts are differentially attributable to either intervention being perceived by participants as "not working".
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intravesical Lactobacillus RhamnosusGG and Bladder Wash (Treatment Phase) | Experimental | LGG® (Culturelle Probiotic LGG®) will be used. This is the product we have used in the past and for which we have demonstrated safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy. For the LGG® instillation in response to trigger symptoms, participants will be instructed to mix the contents of 1 LGG® capsule into 45 cc sterile 0.9% saline. After mixing, participants will draw up the 45cc liquid LGG® mixture into a 60cc syringe and instill via the intermittent catheter after the last catheterization prior to going to bed. Participants will be asked to return any remaining capsules at the end of the study. Participants will be instructed to complete the USQNB-IC at the time of symptoms (in real time) and daily during instillations for 2 days after the final instillation. Subjects will remain in this phase 6 months. |
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| Intravesical Bladder Wash (Treatment Phase) | Other | Participants will draw up the 45cc of normal saline into a 60cc syringe and instill via the intermittent catheter after the last catheterization prior to going to bed after trigger symptoms occur. Participants will be instructed to complete the USQNB-IC at the time of symptoms (in real time) and daily during instillations for 2 days after the final instillation. Subjects will remain in this phase 6 months. |
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| Intravesical Lactobacillus RhamnosusGG and Bladder Wash (Prophylaxis Phase) | Experimental | LGG® (Culturelle Probiotic LGG®) will be used. This is the product we have used in the past and for which we have demonstrated safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy. For the LGG® instillation in response to trigger symptoms, participants will be instructed to mix the contents of 1 LGG® capsule into 45 cc sterile 0.9% saline. After mixing, participants will draw up the 45cc liquid LGG® mixture into a 60cc syringe and instill via the intermittent catheter after the last catheterization prior to going to bed. They will then instill the LGG® mixture every 2 days for the remainder of the 6 months. Participants will be asked to return any remaining capsules at the end of the study. Participants will be instructed to complete the USQNB-IC at the time of symptoms (in real time) and biweekly post-instillation. Subjects will remain in this phase 6 months. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus RhamnosusGG | Drug | LGG® (Culturelle Probiotic LGG®) will be used. This is the product we have used in the past and for which we have demonstrated safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy. For the LGG® instillation, participants will be instructed to mix the contents of 1 LGG® capsule into 45 cc sterile 0.9% saline. After mixing, participants will draw up the 45cc liquid LGG® mixture into a 60cc syringe and instill via the intermittent catheter after the last catheterization prior to going to bed. Participants will be asked to return any remaining capsules at the end of the study. Participants will be instructed to complete the USQNB-IC at the time of symptoms (in real time), and then continue completing the USQNB-IC at the determined frequency for the phase. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| International SCI Lower Urinary Tract Function Basic Data Set | A tool that describes urinary tract impairment, awareness of need to empty bladder, main bladder emptying method, medications used for bladder management, surgeries, and change in urinary symptoms in the past year. Score is not associated with outcome. | Day 1 |
| International SCI Core Data Set | Includes date of injury, dates of initial hospitalization admission and discharge, neurological data. Score is not associated with outcome. | Day 1 |
| NINDS Medical History CDE | A brief medical history using body system categories. Score is not associated with outcomes. | Day 1 |
| NINDS Prior and Concomitant Medications CDE | Contains whether or not the participant is taking a medication during the study protocol, name of the medication, reason for medication, medication dose, frequency, start and end dates, and free text. Score is not associated with outcomes. | Day 1 |
| Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for Neurogenic Bladder-Intermittent Catheter | Will measure change in urinary symptoms for those that use an intermittent catheter. Higher scores may mean worse outcomes. | (SA1 and SA3) Weekly up to 18 months |
| Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for Neurogenic Bladder-Intermittent Catheter | Will measure change in urinary symptoms for those that use an intermittent catheter. Higher scores may mean worse outcomes. | (SA1) Day 1 post-instillation (Phase 2: treatment phase) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emily Leonard, PhD | Contact | (202) 877-1844 | emily.m.leonard@medstar.net | |
| Inger H Ljungberg, MPH | Contact | (202) 877-1694 | inger.h.ljungberg@medstar.net |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Suzanne Groah, MD, MSPH | MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital | Recruiting | Washington D.C. | District of Columbia | 20010 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013119 | Spinal Cord Injuries |
| D001750 | Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013118 | Spinal Cord Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D020196 | Trauma, Nervous System |
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Randomized, controlled comparative effectiveness clinical trial.
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| Intravesical Bladder Wash (Prophylaxis Phase) | Other | Participants will draw up the 45cc of normal saline into a 60cc syringe and instill via the intermittent catheter after the last catheterization prior to going to bed after trigger symptoms occur. They will then instill the saline BW every 2 days for the remainder of the 6 months. Participants will be instructed to complete the USQNB-IC at the time of symptoms (in real time) and biweekly post-instillation. Subjects will remain in this phase 6 months. |
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| Saline bladder wash | Drug | Participants will draw up the 45cc of normal saline into a 60cc syringe and instill via the intermittent catheter after the last catheterization prior to going to bed after trigger symptoms occur. Participants will be instructed to complete the USQNB-IC at the time of symptoms (in real time), and then continue completing the USQNB-IC at the determined frequency for the phase. |
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| Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for Neurogenic Bladder-Intermittent Catheter | Will measure change in urinary symptoms for those that use an intermittent catheter. Higher scores may mean worse outcomes. | (SA1) Day 2 post-instillation (Phase 2: treatment phase) |
| Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for Neurogenic Bladder-Intermittent Catheter | Will measure change in urinary symptoms for those that use an intermittent catheter. Higher scores may mean worse outcomes. | (SA3) Twice weekly post-instillation for up to 6 months (Phase 3: prophylaxis phase) |
| Patient Satisfaction Survey | We developed a simple three-item patient satisfaction "survey" that will be requested from only those individuals who used the intervention (LGG® +BW or BW only) at the time of final USQNB-IC completion, or at the drop out visit (for those who did use the intervention at least once). Participants will be asked to estimate, using a scale from 0% <totally dissatisfied/would absolutely never do this>, through 50% <neither satisfied nor dissatisfied/might do this> to 100% <completely satisfied/would absolutely always do this>:
| At final USQNB-IC completion (between 13 to 18 months) or at participant drop-out |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D001745 | Urinary Bladder Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |