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The study aims at evaluating the effect of dark chocolate consumption on anatomy and functionality of retinal blood vessels by comparing these same parameters after milk chocolate consumption.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main study arm | Experimental | Patients received intervention 1 and then intervention 2 after 7 weeks |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dark chocolate | Dietary Supplement | Patients were administered 20 grams of dark chocolate |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Retinal perfusion | Changes in retinal perfusion using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography | Baseline, 2 hours after intervention |
| Retinal vascular response | Changes in retinal vascular response to flicker stimulation using Dynamic Vessels Analysis and Retinal Vessels Analysis | Baseline, 2 hours after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Acuity | Best Corrected Visual Acuity changes | Baseline, 2 hours after intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Francesco Bandello, MD | Ospedale San Raffaele | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Giuseppe Querques | Milan | 20134 | Italy |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27847598 | Background | de Carlo TE, Romano A, Waheed NK, Duker JS. A review of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Int J Retina Vitreous. 2015 Apr 15;1:5. doi: 10.1186/s40942-015-0005-8. eCollection 2015. | |
| 25230403 | Background | Huang Y, Zhang Q, Thorell MR, An L, Durbin MK, Laron M, Sharma U, Gregori G, Rosenfeld PJ, Wang RK. Swept-source OCT angiography of the retinal vasculature using intensity differentiation-based optical microangiography algorithms. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2014 Sep-Oct;45(5):382-9. doi: 10.3928/23258160-20140909-08. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Nutrition Foundation of Italy | View source |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Sep 22, 2025 | |
| Reset | Oct 9, 2025 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 22, 2025 | Oct 9, 2025 |
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| Milk Chocolate |
| Dietary Supplement |
Patients were administered 7.5 grams of milk chocolate |
|
| 26135638 | Background | McClintic SM, Jia Y, Huang D, Bailey ST. Optical coherence tomographic angiography of choroidal neovascularization associated with central serous chorioretinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015 Oct;133(10):1212-4. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.2126. No abstract available. |
| 31556937 | Background | Siedlecki J, Mohr N, Luft N, Schworm B, Keidel L, Priglinger SG. Effects of Flavanol-Rich Dark Chocolate on Visual Function and Retinal Perfusion Measured With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019 Dec 1;137(12):1373-1379. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3731. |
| 29710322 | Background | Rabin JC, Karunathilake N, Patrizi K. Effects of Milk vs Dark Chocolate Consumption on Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity Within 2 Hours: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018 Jun 1;136(6):678-681. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.0978. |
| 39215063 | Derived | Sacconi R, Pezzella M, Ribarich N, Menean M, Servillo A, Bandello F, Querques G. Benefits of dark chocolate intake on retinal vessels functionality: a randomized, blind, crossover clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 30;14(1):20203. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70289-7. |