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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Education, Malaysia | OTHER_GOV |
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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Occupational Therapy Handwriting Interventions Guidelines (OTHIG) in enhancing handwriting performance among children.
Method:
Forty-two children recruited from private centers with occupational therapy indications and with handwriting issues, aged five to nine years, will be assigned to the experimental and control groups.
Participants will receive a total of 10-week sessions, including training, intervention, and outcome measures.
The experimental group will receive the developed OTHIG during handwriting skills intervention. Meanwhile, the control group will receive conventional interventions which not exposed to the OTHIG.
This study is expected to provide evidence for the effectiveness of using the developed OTHIG to OTs in delivering their services, targeting children struggling with handwriting skills.
The study is a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (C-RCT) that systematically clusters the centers into the treatment and control groups.
A total of 10 centers will be involved in this study.
The clustering of all ten centers will allocate randomly into the treatment and control groups based on submitting the consent letter to the researcher and after an assessment of TPT and TVPS-4 are conducted.
Ten early interventions have similar characteristics such as (1) hiring graduated occupational therapists from recognized universities in Malaysia, (2) having occupational therapists working daily at the centre, (3) having children aged five to nine years who receive OTs intervention.
This randomization will be allocated based on the list of the centers that give an early submission of a signed consent form. The randomization will be carried out with a mechanism that neither the researcher nor children or center owners will know which group of intervention they will be assigned.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| OTHIG | Experimental | Occupational Therapy Handwriting Intervention Guideline - this is the experimental guideline to be tested in this study. Section C: Intervention for Handwriting Readiness Skills
|
|
| NOTi | No Intervention | Natural Occupational Therapy Intervention - this means, the participants in this group are not exposed to the OTHIG. They receive natural OT intervention without exposure to the OTHIG. The natural OT intervention includes: Gross motor skills, fine motor skills, pre-writing skills, basic handwriting tasks such as copying, tracing, imitating and colouring. It will follow the occupational therapist intervention set up by the respected therapist in charge. The OT in charge had qualifications from the local university in Malaysia. The natural OT intervention includes: Gross motor skills, fine motor skills, pre-writing skills, basic handwriting tasks such as copying, tracing, imitating and colouring. It will follow the occupational therapist intervention set up by the respected therapist in charge. The OT in charge had qualifications from the local university in Malaysia. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OTHIG | Other | Occupational Therapy Handwriting Intervention Guideline |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Print Tool | Handwriting assessment | 2 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-4 | Visual perceptual skills assessment | 2 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Masne Kadar | Faculty of Health Sciences, UKM | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kiddie Care Centre | Jitra | Kedah | 06000 | Malaysia | ||
| Ryan Special Needs Rehabilitation Centre |
All data collected will be shared among researchers
October 2021 until September 2022
Study protocol will be shared with all researchers
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Sep 25, 2022 | Sep 26, 2022 | Prot_002.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Oct 1, 2021 | Jan 25, 2022 | ICF_001.pdf |
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| Putrajaya |
| PU |
| 62150 |
| Malaysia |
| Excel Qhalif Playgroup Centre | Bangi | Selangor | Malaysia |
| Kizzu Kids Centre | Shah Alam | Selangor | Malaysia |