This intervention will determine if unrestricted appealing features in e-cigarette ads deter young adults from trying the product.

Perceived severity of using e-cigarettes, a subconstruct of the Health Belief Model was assessed by participants' perceived significance, severity, and seriousness of health threats from e-cigarette use. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is severe. I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is serious. I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is significant.

To determine score, the average is taken of the items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate greater perceived severity of e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser perceived severity of e-cigarette use.

Motivation to avoid e-cigarettes was assessed by participants' self-reported importance, confidence, readiness, and commitment to avoid e-cigarette use in the future. These items reflect constructs from behavior change theories such as the Transtheoretical Model, which emphasizes individual readiness and self-efficacy as key predictors of behavioral intention and action. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 0 to 10. 0 = Not at all 10 = Very

How important is it to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How confident are you in avoiding e-cigarettes in the future?

How ready are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How committed are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 0; Maximum Score = 10 Higher scores indicate greater motivation to avoid e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser motivation.

Motivation to avoid e-cigarettes was assessed by participants' self-reported importance, confidence, readiness, and commitment to avoid e-cigarette use in the future. These items reflect constructs from behavior change theories such as the Transtheoretical Model, which emphasizes individual readiness and self-efficacy as key predictors of behavioral intention and action. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 0 to 10. 0 = Not at all 10 = Very

How important is it to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How confident are you in avoiding e-cigarettes in the future?

How ready are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How committed are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 0; Maximum Score = 10 Higher scores indicate greater motivation to avoid e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser motivation.

Motivation to avoid e-cigarettes was assessed by participants' self-reported importance, confidence, readiness, and commitment to avoid e-cigarette use in the future. These items reflect constructs from behavior change theories such as the Transtheoretical Model, which emphasizes individual readiness and self-efficacy as key predictors of behavioral intention and action. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 0 to 10. 0 = Not at all 10 = Very

How important is it to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How confident are you in avoiding e-cigarettes in the future?

How ready are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How committed are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 0; Maximum Score = 10 Higher scores indicate greater motivation to avoid e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser motivation.

Behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes were assessed using participants' self-reported interest and willingness to engage in future e-cigarette use. This construct is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, which identifies behavioral intention as the most immediate and reliable predictor of future behavior. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

How interested are you in trying e-cigarettes?

How willing are you to try e-cigarettes?

How willing would you be to purchase an e-cigarette?

How willing would you be to try an e-cigarette if a friend offered you one?

Responses were rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very). To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate stronger behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes. Lower scores indicate weaker intentions.

Behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes were assessed using participants' self-reported interest and willingness to engage in future e-cigarette use. This construct is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, which identifies behavioral intention as the most immediate and reliable predictor of future behavior. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

How interested are you in trying e-cigarettes?

How willing are you to try e-cigarettes?

How willing would you be to purchase an e-cigarette?

How willing would you be to try an e-cigarette if a friend offered you one?

Responses were rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very). To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate stronger behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes. Lower scores indicate weaker intentions.

Behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes were assessed using participants' self-reported interest and willingness to engage in future e-cigarette use. This construct is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, which identifies behavioral intention as the most immediate and reliable predictor of future behavior. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

How interested are you in trying e-cigarettes?

How willing are you to try e-cigarettes?

How willing would you be to purchase an e-cigarette?

How willing would you be to try an e-cigarette if a friend offered you one?

Responses were rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very). To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate stronger behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes. Lower scores indicate weaker intentions.

Biochemical confirmation of tobacco use was conducted using the Alere iScreen Oral Fluid Device (OFD), a point-of-care saliva test that detects cotinine, a primary metabolite of nicotine, indicating tobacco or nicotine product use within the past ~3 days. The count reflects participants who tested positive for cotinine, providing biochemical evidence of recent tobacco or nicotine exposure.

Biochemical confirmation of tobacco use was conducted using the Alere iScreen Oral Fluid Device (OFD), a point-of-care saliva test that detects cotinine, a primary metabolite of nicotine, indicating tobacco or nicotine product use within the past ~3 days. The count reflects participants who tested positive for cotinine, providing biochemical evidence of recent tobacco or nicotine exposure.

Biochemical confirmation of tobacco use was conducted using the Alere iScreen Oral Fluid Device (OFD), a point-of-care saliva test that detects cotinine, a primary metabolite of nicotine, indicating tobacco or nicotine product use within the past ~3 days. The count reflects participants who tested positive for cotinine, providing biochemical evidence of recent tobacco or nicotine exposure.

Total of all reporting groups

Use of any tobacco products

Use of any tobacco products

Perceived severity of using e-cigarettes, a subconstruct of the Health Belief Model was assessed by participants' perceived significance, severity, and seriousness of health threats from e-cigarette use. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is severe. I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is serious. I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is significant.

To determine score, the average is taken of the items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate greater perceived severity of e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser perceived severity of e-cigarette use.

Perceived severity of using e-cigarettes, a subconstruct of the Health Belief Model was assessed by participants' perceived significance, severity, and seriousness of health threats from e-cigarette use. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is severe. I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is serious. I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is significant.

To determine score, the average is taken of the items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate greater perceived severity of e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser perceived severity of e-cigarette use.

Perceived severity of using e-cigarettes, a subconstruct of the Health Belief Model was assessed by participants' perceived significance, severity, and seriousness of health threats from e-cigarette use. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is severe. I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is serious. I believe that the health threat of using e-cigarettes is significant.

To determine score, the average is taken of the items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate greater perceived severity of e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser perceived severity of e-cigarette use.

Motivation to avoid e-cigarettes was assessed by participants' self-reported importance, confidence, readiness, and commitment to avoid e-cigarette use in the future. These items reflect constructs from behavior change theories such as the Transtheoretical Model, which emphasizes individual readiness and self-efficacy as key predictors of behavioral intention and action. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 0 to 10. 0 = Not at all 10 = Very

How important is it to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How confident are you in avoiding e-cigarettes in the future?

How ready are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How committed are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 0; Maximum Score = 10 Higher scores indicate greater motivation to avoid e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser motivation.

Motivation to avoid e-cigarettes was assessed by participants' self-reported importance, confidence, readiness, and commitment to avoid e-cigarette use in the future. These items reflect constructs from behavior change theories such as the Transtheoretical Model, which emphasizes individual readiness and self-efficacy as key predictors of behavioral intention and action. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 0 to 10. 0 = Not at all 10 = Very

How important is it to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How confident are you in avoiding e-cigarettes in the future?

How ready are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How committed are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 0; Maximum Score = 10 Higher scores indicate greater motivation to avoid e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser motivation.

Motivation to avoid e-cigarettes was assessed by participants' self-reported importance, confidence, readiness, and commitment to avoid e-cigarette use in the future. These items reflect constructs from behavior change theories such as the Transtheoretical Model, which emphasizes individual readiness and self-efficacy as key predictors of behavioral intention and action. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

Please rate the following statements on a scale from 0 to 10. 0 = Not at all 10 = Very

How important is it to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How confident are you in avoiding e-cigarettes in the future?

How ready are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

How committed are you to avoid e-cigarettes in the future?

To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 0; Maximum Score = 10 Higher scores indicate greater motivation to avoid e-cigarette use. Lower scores indicate lesser motivation.

Behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes were assessed using participants' self-reported interest and willingness to engage in future e-cigarette use. This construct is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, which identifies behavioral intention as the most immediate and reliable predictor of future behavior. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

How interested are you in trying e-cigarettes?

How willing are you to try e-cigarettes?

How willing would you be to purchase an e-cigarette?

How willing would you be to try an e-cigarette if a friend offered you one?

Responses were rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very). To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate stronger behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes. Lower scores indicate weaker intentions.

Behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes were assessed using participants' self-reported interest and willingness to engage in future e-cigarette use. This construct is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, which identifies behavioral intention as the most immediate and reliable predictor of future behavior. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

How interested are you in trying e-cigarettes?

How willing are you to try e-cigarettes?

How willing would you be to purchase an e-cigarette?

How willing would you be to try an e-cigarette if a friend offered you one?

Responses were rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very). To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate stronger behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes. Lower scores indicate weaker intentions.

Behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes were assessed using participants' self-reported interest and willingness to engage in future e-cigarette use. This construct is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, which identifies behavioral intention as the most immediate and reliable predictor of future behavior. The measure is as follows in its exact and unabbreviated form:

How interested are you in trying e-cigarettes?

How willing are you to try e-cigarettes?

How willing would you be to purchase an e-cigarette?

How willing would you be to try an e-cigarette if a friend offered you one?

Responses were rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very). To determine score, the average is taken across the four items. Minimum Score = 1; Maximum Score = 5 Higher scores indicate stronger behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes. Lower scores indicate weaker intentions.

Biochemical confirmation of tobacco use was conducted using the Alere iScreen Oral Fluid Device (OFD), a point-of-care saliva test that detects cotinine, a primary metabolite of nicotine, indicating tobacco or nicotine product use within the past ~3 days. The count reflects participants who tested positive for cotinine, providing biochemical evidence of recent tobacco or nicotine exposure.

Biochemical confirmation of tobacco use was conducted using the Alere iScreen Oral Fluid Device (OFD), a point-of-care saliva test that detects cotinine, a primary metabolite of nicotine, indicating tobacco or nicotine product use within the past ~3 days. The count reflects participants who tested positive for cotinine, providing biochemical evidence of recent tobacco or nicotine exposure.

Biochemical confirmation of tobacco use was conducted using the Alere iScreen Oral Fluid Device (OFD), a point-of-care saliva test that detects cotinine, a primary metabolite of nicotine, indicating tobacco or nicotine product use within the past ~3 days. The count reflects participants who tested positive for cotinine, providing biochemical evidence of recent tobacco or nicotine exposure.

This arm will include exposure to regulated e-cigarette ads or ads where we have taken out the appealing features.

Regulated ad condition: This intervention will determine if restriction of appealing features in e-cigarette ads deter young adults from trying the product.