Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery is significantly related to postoperative 30-day mortality. Trigeminal cardiac reflex is one of the main causes of perioperative cardiac emergency. Therefore, the investigators' aim is to test the hypothesis that trigeminal cardiac reflex associates postoperative myocardial damage in participants undergoing skull base tumor surgery. The investigators will observe the association between trigeminal cardiac reflex and myocardial injury by measuring the concentration of plasma high sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTnT) in participants after skull base tumor surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing elective skull base tumor surgery.
• Age ≥ 18 years old.
• ASA class I to III.
• All those who sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with severe heart disease (including patients with preoperative heart rate < 50 beats / min, severe arrhythmias, such as premature beats, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter or fibrillation, patients with myocardial ischemia < 6 months, heart failure, myocarditis, pericarditis or cardiomyopathy).
• Patients unable to complete preoperative cardiac assessment.
• Patients with chronic kidney disease.

Patients aged more than 18 years old with American Society of Anesthesiology status I to III who will be scheduled to receive elective skull base tumor surgery under general anesthesia. Patients with trigeminal cardiac reflex during surgery will be included in the exposure group while patients without trigeminal cardiac reflex during surgery will be included in the non-exposure group.