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University life is a challenging period. College students are exposed to a large number of stressors such as increased workload, multitasking, new responsibilities, changes in sleep and eating habits, social stressors, financial concerns and future employability, unlimited access to technology, etc. The participation of some of them in unhealthy activities should also be noted.
There is sufficient evidence to affirm that high levels of stress cause different alterations in students, such as attention and concentration deficits, difficulties in memorizing and solving problems, low productivity and poor academic performance. Due to this, in addition to the psychological and social impact of said mental health problems, the academic functioning of the students decreases and the dropout rates increase, which represents a problem for themselves and for the institutions. On the other hand, students and future professionals in training run the risk of suffering burnout as a consequence of the chronic stress to which they are subjected, with the consequent negative effects on their future professional practice.
The main objective of the present research is to evaluate the efficacy of a six-week compassion program for the reduction of psychological distress in university students compared to an active control condition based on relaxation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Compassion condition | Experimental | 90-minute group sessions, held once a week over a space of 6 weeks, and is offered as an extra-curricular activity. |
|
| Relaxation condition | Active Comparator | 90-minute group sessions, held once a week over a space of 6 weeks, and will be offered as an extracurricular activity. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attachment-based compassion therapy | Behavioral | Compassion program consists of 6 sessions of 90 minutes/session (15-20 people) Written material and sound recordings will be offered as support elements. The estimated duration of the program is two months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) | In the compassion program group | Baseline |
| Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) | In the relaxation program group | Baseline |
| Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) | In the compassion condition group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) | In the relaxation program group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) | In the compassion condition group | Six-months follow-up |
| Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) | In the relaxation program group | Six-months follow-up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic data Gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, economical level | In the compassion condition group | Baseline |
| Sociodemographic data Gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, economical level |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) | In the compassion condition group | Baseline |
| The Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) | In the relaxation program group |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miguel Servet University Hospital | Zaragoza | 50009 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37691796 | Derived | Beltran-Ruiz M, Fernandez S, Garcia-Campayo J, Puebla-Guedea M, Lopez-Del-Hoyo Y, Navarro-Gil M, Montero-Marin J. Effectiveness of attachment-based compassion therapy to reduce psychological distress in university students: a randomised controlled trial protocol. Front Psychol. 2023 Aug 24;14:1185445. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1185445. eCollection 2023. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012064 | Relaxation Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
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| Relaxation program | Behavioral | Relaxation program consists of 6 sessions of 90 minutes/session (15-20 people) Written material and sound recordings will be offered as support elements. The estimated duration of the program is two months |
|
In the relaxation program group
| Baseline |
| Positive and negative affect (PANAS) | In the compassion condition group | Baseline |
| Positive and negative affect (PANAS) | In the relaxation program group | Baseline |
| Positive and negative affect (PANAS) | In the compassion condition group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Positive and negative affect (PANAS) | In the relaxation program group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Positive and negative affect (PANAS) | In the compassion condition group | Six-months follow-up |
| Positive and negative affect (PANAS) | In the relaxation program group | Six-months follow-up |
| Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) | In the compassion condition group | Baseline |
| Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) | In the relaxation program group | Baseline |
| Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) | In the compassion condition group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) | In the relaxation program group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) | In the compassion condition group | Six-months follow-up |
| Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) | In the relaxation program group | Six-months follow-up |
| Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) | In the compassion condition group | Baseline |
| Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) | In the relaxation program group | Baseline |
| Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) | In the compassion condition group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) | In the relaxation program group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) | In the compassion condition group | Six-months follow-up |
| Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) | In the relaxation program group | Six-months follow-up |
| Baseline |
| The Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) | In the compassion condition group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| The Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) | In the relaxation program group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| The Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) | In the compassion condition group | Six-months follow-up |
| The Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) | In the relaxation program group | Six-months follow-up |
| Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) | In the compassion condition group | Baseline |
| Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) | In the relaxation program group | Baseline |
| Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) | In the compassion condition group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) | In the relaxation program group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) | In the compassion condition group | Six-months follow-up |
| Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) | In the relaxation program group | Six-months follow-up |
| Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale & SussexOxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS) | In the compassion condition group | Baseline |
| Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale & SussexOxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS) | In the relaxation program group | Baseline |
| Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale & SussexOxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS) | In the compassion condition group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale & SussexOxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS) | In the relaxation program group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale & SussexOxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS) | In the compassion condition group | Six-months follow-up |
| Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale & SussexOxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS) | In the relaxation program group | Six-months follow-up |
| Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | In the compassion condition group | Baseline |
| Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | In the relaxation program group | Baseline |
| Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | In the compassion condition group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | In the relaxation program group | Post-treatment 6 weeks from baseline |
| Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | In the compassion condition group | Six-months follow-up |
| Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | In the relaxation program group | Six-months follow-up |
| D011613 |
| Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |