Bioavailability of Orally Ingested Vitamin C

Investigating the Oral Bioavailability of Vitamin C Administered Using Phosphycell™ Technology - a Phosphatidylcholine-lipid Encapsulation Technology.

The purpose of this study is to determine if crystalline vitamin C supplementation can acutely increase skeletal muscle vitamin C concentrations and if this can be potentiated by administering vitamin C using Phosphycell™ Technology - a phosphatidylcholine-lipid encapsulation technology.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Body mass index (BMI) 18.5 - 30 kg/m2
• Age 18 - 40
• Non-smoker

Exclusion Criteria:

• Body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 or > 30 kg/m2
• Age < 18 or > 40
• Smoking
• Cardiovascular disease
• Hypertension (≥ 140/90 mmHg)
• Metabolic disease
• Medications known to affect vitamin C metabolism
• A known vitamin C deficiency
• Less than 2 hours per week of physical activity or following a structured exercise training program.
• Routine use of vitamin supplements