Interim data and power analysis

The purpose of this project is to examine the impact of increases in brain insulin on sympathetic nervous system activity, as well as peripheral and cerebral blood flow in humans.

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy adult men and women;
• 18-45 years of age;
• BMI >18 kg/m2;
• non-pregnant/non-breastfeeding;
• non-nicotine users;

Exclusion Criteria:

• taking any medications known to affect metabolic, respiratory, cardiovascular, and/or autonomic

Self-reported history of:

• hepatic, renal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, or neurological disease;
• stroke or neurovascular disease;
• bleeding/clotting disorders;
• sleep apnea or other sleep disorders;
• diabetes;
• smoking;
• history of alcoholism or substance abuse;
• hypertension;
• respiratory disease;
• active cancer;
• autoimmune disease.