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This randomized controlled study aimed to examine the effect of web-based education related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on women health management self-efficacy and maternal-fetal-neonatal results.
Objective: To examine the effect of web-based education related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on women health management self-efficacy and maternal-fetal-neonatal results.
Design: Randomized controlled study. Patients: Thirty one pregnant women were included in the intervention group and thirty four pregnant women in the control group.
Interventions: For 8 weeks, web-based education for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus was offered to pregnant women who diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus for the first time. The data were collected before web-based education, after web-based education and postpartum between 4-12 weeks at three different times. Control group was offered routine clinical procedure.
Main Outcome Measures: health management self efficacy (primary outcomes), maternal-fetal-neonatal results (secondary outcome).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| intervention group | Experimental | web based education and routine clinical procedure |
|
| control group | No Intervention | only routine clinical procedure |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| web based education | Behavioral | In addition to routine care, web-based education was offered to pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices levels in pregnant women with GDM | Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale: Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale: The 5-point Likert scale was adapted for Turkish version by Aypar AkbaÄŸ and AluÅŸ Tokat (Aypar AkbaÄŸ and AluÅŸ Tokat, 2021). The scale consists of 4 sub-dimensions: "Exercise"," Responsible Health Practices", "Psychological Well Being" and "Nutrition". (from 0 (not at all) to 4 (completely). The scale total-score ranged between 0 and 112, while subscale total-scores ranging from 0 to 28 points. The higher scores from the scale indicate higher self-efficacy levels for the health applications. | Change in Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices levels up to postpartum 12th week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of maternal-fetal-neonatal complications in pregnant women with GDM | The chart was used to evaluate the maternal (ketoacidosis, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, preterm labor, vaginal or urinary infection), fetal (macrosomia, Intrauterine Growth Retardation) and neonatal (neonatal hypoglycemia, polycythemia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, duration of treatment for hyperbilirubinemia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), hypothermia, dehydration) complications of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Complications during pregnancy and postpartum period were followed up. Complication follow-up was done by contacting the intervention group via the website. In the control group, complication follow-up was obtained by phone calls. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nuran N Aypar AkbaÄŸ, Dr | KaramanoÄŸlu Mehmetbey University | Study Director |
| Merlinda AluÅŸ Tokat, Dr | Dokuz Eylul University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dokuz Eylul University | Izmir | 35340 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41412825 | Derived | Akbag NNA, Tokat MA. Effects of web-based gestational diabetes mellitus education on health management self-efficacy, treatment modality, and maternal-fetal-neonatal outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. Health Care Women Int. 2026;47(2):111-132. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2025.2597240. Epub 2025 Dec 18. |
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Individual participant data (IPD) is planned to be shared after the publication of the article.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D016640 | Diabetes, Gestational |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
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A randomized control study
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| Change in rate of maternal, fetal and neonatal complications up to postpartum 12th week |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |