Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Clinically, infants with Autism Spectrum Disorder often display gross motor delays in supine, prone, and sitting skills in their first year of life . Studies reveal that motor abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder can occur very early in developmental trajectory.
Hydrotherapy is an environment that may be conducive to encouraging physical activity in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The buoyancy of water can assist with movement, balance, and coordination .Water also provides an opportunity for social interaction through aquatic games and activities.Based on the literature, Aquatic therapy appears to be particularly beneficial for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder who need strong sensory stimulation.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aquatic group | Experimental | group I |
|
| Land Exersises group | Experimental | group II |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquatic Exercises | Other | These 3 sets were the following: Set 1: warming up exercise as floating exercise 24 Set 2: Standing education/training Set 3: Walking education/training The exercises will be conducted taking in consideration safety measures as:
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Autism Index | Gilliam autism rating scale: Items on the developmental subscale address behaviors and milestones in the first 36 months of life. Items on the first three behavioral subscales are rated on a four point like scale ranging from Never Observed (0) to Frequently Observed (3). After completing it, the examiner calculated the total raw scores then converted into scaled scores and percentile ranks according to the examiner's manual. Higher scaled scores on a subscale represent severe autistic behavior. Finally, the total scaled scores were calculated to measure the autism index according to the examiner's manual. The higher the autism index, the higher the probability the individual has autism and the more severe the autistic behavior | Treatment for 3 monthes |
| Motor Development | The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition: The gross motor function domain will be assessed in the current study. The gross motor function domains contain four subtests. Reflexes, Stationary ,Locomotion and Object Manipulation . Grading and Scoring of the PDMS-2 The therapist will ask the child to do a specific item and observes how the child is doing the task. Items are scored as 2, 1 or 0. 0 = child cannot or will not attempt an item or the attempt does not indicate that the specific skill is emerging
| Treatment for 3 monthes |
| Pediatric Quality of life Inventory Scale | Pediatric Quality of life Inventory Scale: The Arabic version will be used to assess quality of life. It contains questions about child's physical, emotional, social, and school functioning in the past 7 days. Parents/ child self-administered the quality of life after introductory instructions from the administrator. On the quality of life Generic Core Scales, for ease of interpretability, items are 22 reversed scored and linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale, so that higher scores indicate better Health-Related quality of Life. To reverse score, transform the 0-4 scale items to 0-100 as follows: 0-100, 1=75, 2= 50, 3= 25 and 4= 0. Finally, the Scale Score for each dimension and Total Scale Score were calculated |
Not provided
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Amira M ABD-ELMONEM, PhD | Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University | Study Chair |
| MAI E ABBASS, PhD | Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University | Study Director |
| AMR A OTHMAN, PhD | Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eman S Albadry | Giza | Giza Governorate | 12662 | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41988871 | Derived | Albadry ES, Ibrahim NM, Othman AA, Abd-Elmonem AM, Abbass ME. Effect of Aquatic Training Versus Land Exercises on Motor Function in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Physiother Res Int. 2026 Apr;31(2):e70220. doi: 10.1002/pri.70220. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
They will be allocated randomly into two groups of equal numbers, group I (the aquatic training group) and the group II (land exercises).
|
| Land Exercises | Other | All participants were physical therapy intervention according to their level of functional impairment : |
|
| Treatment for 3 monthes |