Music Therapy Intervention During Kidney Biopsy.

Effect of Music Therapy Intervention on Heart Rate, Anxiety and Pain During Kidney Biopsy: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Kidney biopsy (KB) is an invasive procedure that is very useful in diagnosing kidney disease in both the native kidney and the transplanted kidney. Patients undergo KB can feel anxiety and pain. Pain is considered one of the worst experiences for patients and anxiety affects the sympathetic nervous system, the endocrine system and the immune system. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the influence of MTI as a complementary/nonpharmacological intervention on heart rate variability, anxiety and pain and promote more compliant behaviours during KB.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age over 18 years
• not severe neurological or psychiatric conditions
• not hearing impairment

Exclusion Criteria:

• age under 18 years
• severe neurological or psychiatric conditions
• hearing impairment