Several studies suggested low serum level of vitamin D have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. So, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation along with CsDMARD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes synovitis in the peripheral joints as well as extra-articular symptoms. With a good response to conventional drugs, treatment for this disease remains unsatisfactory. Vitamin D deficiency is now widely recognized as a problem in RA patients. Some recent trials have attempted to analyze the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on pain intensity and disease activity in patients, and the majority of them have found significant improvement. The goal of this trial was to see if supplementing vitamin D3 with conventional synthetic DMARDs improved the intensity of pain and disease activity in RA patients. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, BSMMU in collaboration with the Rheumatology Rehabilitation Clinic of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, BSMMU. Patients were assessed using a validated version of the visual analog scale (VAS) and the DAS-28 CRP scale. A total of 58 RA patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and baseline CRP levels were measured serum preserved for vitamin D3 estimation. A physiatrist at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department's Rheumatology Rehabilitation Clinic performed the clinical diagnosis of RA patients. Following the completion of the necessary formalities, including the patients' informed consent, the patient has given a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire to assess pain improvement and a disease activity score -28 C-Reactive Protein (DAS-28 CRP) scale to assess disease activity. The patients were split into two arms at random: intervention and control. Patients in the intervention arm received csDMARDs plus vitamin D3 (40,000IU) for 8 weeks. Weekly oral vitamin D3 (40,000IU) was given to the intervention arm. On the other hand, The placebo arm got csDMARD in the form of one oral placebo capsule once a week for the same duration of time. After 8 weeks of therapeutic intervention, blood samples were taken to determine serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and CRP levels. The baseline and after 8 weeks serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were estimated at the same time. The patient's compliance sheet, as well as the phone and pill count, were used to verify that medicine intake was regular. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was used to perform the statistical analysis. A chi-squared test was used to analyze the relationship between the intervention and placebo arms. An unpaired t-test was used to compare the scores of the two arms. A paired t-test was employed to compare the score before and after the intervention. A total of 58 people were enrolled in this study over six months. Following decoding, it was established that twenty-nine (30) patients would receive vitamin D3 and twenty-three (28) would receive a placebo. Among them, fifty-two (52) patients met all criteria to be eligible for analysis. There was a substantial difference in improving disease activity and pain severity between the two arms (p-value- 0.00). All of the RA patients were vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D3 supplementation for 8 weeks resulted in a significantly higher level than the placebo arm (p- 0.01), as well as a significant increase from the baseline level (p- 0.04). After 8 weeks of vitamin D3 administration, CRP levels were significantly reduced (p-0.00). There was no correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and disease activity. Vitamin D3 significantly reduced the intensity of pain and disease activity in conventional synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (csDMARD) treated Rheumatoid Arthritis patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who met 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for Rheumatoid arthritis
• Age: 18 years or above
• Both gender

Exclusion Criteria:

• Overlapped syndrome
• Patients with renal and liver disease, malabsorption, hyperparathyroidism
• Spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Patients receiving vitamin D3, anti TB like rifampicin, isoniazid, anti-seizure drugs within last two months
• Patients unwilling to participate or unwilling to give written consent
• Pregnant & lactating woman
• Impaired cognitive function

Immediately after randomization, random numbers of the two sets were assigned as patient code number. One set was designated as intervention group and another set was placebo group. Then the set of code numbers that belong to the intervention group were written as patient ID numbers on the packages contained vitamin D3 capsules. On the other hand, the set belongs to the placebo group were designated as patient ID numbers on the packages containing placebo capsules. This total procedure was conducted by the persons unrelated to this research. Thus the participants, caregiver, outcome assessor and the analyst, who require being blind for such study, were effectively blinded.