Concomitant to the evolution of CBCT devices, several post-processing software packages were developed for producing 3D-printed models of anatomical structures. In the last few years, several open-source software used as an alternative to commercial software for 3D reconstruction of anatomical structures such as the mandible. However, no sufficient evidence validating the accuracy of this open-source software.

3D rendering of craniomaxillofacial structures is based on the segmentation process. Semi-automatic segmentation has been pointed out as the technique of choice since it combines the high efficiency and repeatability of the automatic methods with the experience of an operator. Although the creation of 3D models is very important, it is still not a common procedure, since commercial software often requires higher electronic computer power and is licensed by its manufacturer, increasing the financial costs. In the last few years, several open-source software can be obtained for free such as ITK-Snap and 3D Slicer, which could provide more economical options for clinicians or researchers in patient management. However, no sufficient evidence validating the accuracy of this open-source software in detecting the volumetric and morphological characteristics of craniomaxillofacial structures.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Good quality CBCT scans.
• Field of view (FOV) including the whole mandibular bone.
• Absence of artifacts, dental implants, craniofacial deformities, and temporomandibular disorders.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Low-quality CBCT scans.
• FOV not including the whole mandibular bone.
• Presence of artifacts, dental implants, craniofacial deformities, and temporomandibular disorders.

Patients who come to the Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University for CBCT imaging for orthodontic treatment. Patients will be with intact mandible and free of any injury or disease that can affect the volume of the mandible.