This trial studies the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Dixon based imaging sequences in detecting prostate cancer. MRI uses radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body. Researchers hope to learn if using a modified MRI scan technique with Dixon based imaging sequencing will help to produce better images of prostate cancer than the standard of care MRI scan technique.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Evaluate prospectively the accuracy of Dixon based sequences in detection of intraprostatic tumor nodules.

II. Determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of Dixon based sequences in assessment of extraprostatic tumor extension and lymph node involvement.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Compare the accuracy of Dixon based sequences versus multiparametric diffusion weighted imaging including diffusion tensor imaging in tumor detection and extraprostatic extension.

II. Compare the accuracy of Dixon based sequences in detection of transition zone tumors.

III. Determine the optimal scanning parameters for Dixon based sequences in the imaging of prostate adenocarcinoma.

OUTLINE:

Patients undergo MRI with additional Dixon based sequences with fat and water over a total of 49 minutes.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Biopsy proven prostate cancer patients who are scheduled to undergo prostatectomy.
• Patient who is scheduled to have a clinically indicated staging endorectal prostate MRI exam.
• Patients who have signed their informed consent form to undergo the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known prior hormone ablation or radiation therapy (pelvic or prostate).
• Patients who do not want to undergo prostatectomy and prefer other therapy or surveillance.
• Contraindication to conventional MR imaging (e. g. metal implants, pace maker, etc.).