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This retrospective study was conducted on patients with frontal sinus leaks came to ENT departments of Al-Azhar University Hospital, New Damietta, Egypt, for a period of five years.
All patients in this study were evaluated during the follow-up period. Patients' age, sex, occupation, residence, and telephone number were recorded for each participant for demographic purposes. General and local examinations were also performed preoperatively as usual.
Medical history, surgical approach, leakage site, complications, reconstruction technique, and follow-up were recorded.
All cases were treated by endonasal endoscopy
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endonasal endoscopy | Procedure | Complete sphenoethmoidectomy; Draf type IIa, IIb, and III according to defect location. Defect less than 3 mm closed by a plug of fat and facia lata or middle turbinate mucosa. Defect more than 3 mm closed by underlying facia lata, underlying cartilage, and overlay facia lata. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Successful treatment | Intracranial tension from 7-15 mmHg, No leakage, No complications | 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Complications | Elevated intracranial tension, more than 15 mmHg, Fever, more than 37.5 degree, Meningitis | 1 week |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients with frontal sinus leaks attended Al-Azhar University Hospital, New Damietta, Egypt
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002559 | Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D065634 | Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D006259 | Craniocerebral Trauma |
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| D020196 | Trauma, Nervous System |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D000086722 | Rhinorrhea |
| D012818 | Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |