The control group for this study will consist of individuals with normal BMI (18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2), body fat percent < 25% (male) or < 35% (female), and up to 1 other risk factor among the following: blood pressure > 130/85 mmHg, fasting glucose >100 mg/dL, fasting triglycerides >150 mg/dL, and HDL < 40 (male) or < 50 (female).

Individuals with normal-weight obesity will be defined as having normal BMI (18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2), body fat percent > 25% (male) or > 35% (female).

Metabolic syndrome will be defined using the international Diabetes Federation criteria of an obese BMI ( > 30 kg/m2) and 2 or more of the following risk factors: blood pressure > 130/85 mmHg, fasting glucose >100 mg/dL, fasting triglycerides >150 mg/dL, and HDL < 40 (male) or < 50 (female).

All participants will be given a high-fat test meal to examine their postprandial triglyceride response.

Participants will undergo an abbreviated fat tolerance test, where fasting triglycerides are measured, a high-fat shake is consumed, and triglycerides measured once more 4 hours later. 4 hour triglycerides after the high-fat meal is our primary outcome.

Flow-mediated dilation is a non-invasive technique to investigate vascular health. This technique will be performed when participants are fasting and ~4 hours after the shake is completed (just before final measurement of triglycerides)