Did not receive funding for the study.

This is a study which seeks to develop a novel therapeutic approach, Intersectional Short Pulse (ISP) stimulation for seizure termination. The device embodiment of ISP is a scalp EEG recording system which also delivers spatially precise electrical stimulation in short pulses to the targeted brain region. The study team has already collected safety and tolerability data in human subjects, demonstrated ISP efficacy in terminating seizures in rodents, and have tested the efficacy of this device to modulate normal human brain activity. Now this study proposes to test the device's efficacy in stopping seizures in a within-subject randomized, sham-controlled study design.

Experiment 3: Epilepsy patients

Inclusion criteria:

• Adult patients (age 18-65).
• Fluent in English.
• Epilepsy patients with poorly controlled (>=2 seizures per week).
• Focal onset seizures.
• Seizure onset zone in the mesial temporal or neocortical onset as determined by >2 concordant criteria, without discordant criteria (semiology, MRI Brain, and EEG).
• Able to give informed consent.

Exclusion criteria:

• Patients with skull defects.
• Patients with implanted neurostimulator or other implanted cerebral hardware.
• Patients with multifocal onset epilepsy.
• Patients who are non-verbal or incapable of providing informed consent.
• Current substance abuse.
• Pregnancy.
• Patients with non-MRI compatible implants (for Experiments 2 and 3).

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices) will be shared upon reasonable request.

Beginning 3 months and ending 5 years following article publication.

Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal will have access to the data upon reasonable request. Data are available for 5 years at a third party website (Link to be included).

The subject will be blinded to the treatment condition. The study team clinician will be aware of the treatment condition to provide to the clinical team any necessary information for clinical care. Decisions by expert review of EEG on seizure duration will be blinded to treatment condition as well.