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The purpose of this study is to determine whether mobile-based virtual reality exposure treatement can reduce the symptoms of panic disorder and the symptoms of depression and anxiety than the waitlist group
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| I (Prepectoral) | Experimental | VR treatment group Participants received the Self-Guided Virtual Reality-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for panic disorder. |
|
| II (Subpectoral) | No Intervention | Waiting list Participants in a waiting list. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arm I (Prepectoral) | Procedure | Participants followed the Self-Guided Virtual Reality-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for 4 weeks. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Panic Disorder Severity Scale | The Panic Disorder Severity Scale consists of 7 items, each rated on a 5-point scale that assesses panic frequency, distress during panic, panic-focused anticipatory anxiety, phobic avoidance of situations, phobic avoidance of physical sensations, impairment in work functioning, and impairment in social functioning | 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The heart rate variability | The heart rate variability is the physiological recordings of the variation in the time interval between consecutive heartbeats in milliseconds | 4 weeks |
| The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- Meet Diagnostic Statistical Manual criteria for panic disorder(with or without agoraphobia) .
No change in drug dosage during the study period
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with a history of major neurological or significant medical illness, or met the diagnostic criteria of current substance misuse
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gangnam Severance Hospital | Seoul | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34813486 | Derived | Shin B, Oh J, Kim BH, Kim HE, Kim H, Kim S, Kim JJ. Effectiveness of Self-Guided Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health. 2021 Nov 22;8(11):e30590. doi: 10.2196/30590. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016584 | Panic Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Arm II (Subpectoral) | Other | Participants followed the Self-Guided Virtual Reality-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for 4 weeks. |
|
The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression is a depression assessment scale and contains 17 items pertaining to symptoms of depression experienced over the past week
| 4 weeks |
| The State and Trait Anxiety questionnaire | The State and Trait Anxiety questionnaire is has 20 items for assessing trait anxiety and 20 for state anxiety | 4 weeks |
| The Korean Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology | The Korean Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology is a self-report questionnaire that comprises symptoms of depression including melancholic, atypical and anxious symptoms | 4 weeks |
| The Perceived Stress Scale | The Perceived Stress Scale is is a measure of the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful | 4 weeks |
| The Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire | The Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire is a 27-item 9-point Likert scale that was designed to measure the distinct dimension of fear in various situations, and has three subscales: social phobia, agoraphobia, and interoceptive fear | 4 weeks |
| The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale is a 14-item scale that has anxiety and depression subscales; | 4 weeks |
| The Body Sensations Questionnaire | The Body Sensations Questionnaire is a 17-item 5-point Likert scale that evaluates how afraid and anxious a patient is when he/she feels the physical sensation of each item in an unstable state | 4 weeks |
| The Anxiety Sensitivity Index | The Anxiety Sensitivity Index is a 16-item measure tapping the fear of anxiety sensations, which is known to be a risk factor for the development of panic. | 4 weeks |