Bariatric Procedures and Changes in Gut Hormone and Gastric Passage
Bariatric Procedures and Changes in Gut Hormone and Gastric Passage
Gastric emptying measured with scintigraphy in patients after standard Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (S-RYGB), Banded-RYGB (B-RYGB) or Extended pouch-RYGB (E-RYGB).
Inclusion Criteria:
Female patients who underwent S-RYGB, B-RYGB or E-RYGB as a primary bariatric surgery.
Exclusion Criteria:
(1) had a disease known to affect appetite, gastric emptying or gastrointestinal motility (e.g., diabetes mellitus or hyper-/hypothyroidism); (2) were unable to stop medications that affect gastric emptying and/or motility three days prior to measurements (e.g., anti-cholinergic drugs, prokinetics, theophylline, calcium blocking agents, opioids); (3) started menopause; (4) were pregnant or lactating; (5) had a drug or alcohol addiction; (6) were unable to stop smoking for 24 hours.